果蔬气调冷库环境参数的智能化控制系统

介绍了一个智能化监测与控制系统，以对果蔬气调冷库的贮藏温度、相对湿度、O2、CO2等直接影响贮藏食品质量的环境参数进行高精度监控。系统以80C51单片机为核心，通过传感元件、变送器和A／D转换器进行数据采集，并由单片机的软件实现冷库环境参数的模糊控制，能有效地改善贮藏食品的质量，性能价格比高。     

苹果品质的模糊综合评价

将模糊综合评价法应用于苹果的感官质量评定中,介绍了具体的评价方法。结果表明,此法比常用的加权平均法更科学、合理、客观。     

牛肉松饼干的研制

以小麦粉为主要原料,辅以牛松肉等制作出肉松类营养饼干.先确定牛肉松对饼干的感官评价水平,再用4因素3水平正交试验设计模糊综合评价产品感官质量的方法,对牛肉松饼干的配方进行优化选择.实验结果最优配方为：砂糖25%、奶油16%、食盐0.5%、牛肉松15%,影响牛肉松饼干品质的主次因素从大到小依次为奶油、牛肉松、食盐、砂糖.     

毛针织服装风格综合评价中主因子的确定

介绍了主因子分析法中主因子的含义、主因子与毛针织服装风格之间的关系以及通过计算每个因子的方差和累加方差贡献率的大小确定主因子的依据和方法.通过对主因子的分析研究,得出了毛针织服装的基本风格可归纳为5种,用5个基本因子,即变形因子、弹性因子、膨松因子、粗糙因子和刚柔因子来表示.这些因子之间的相关性很小,这是主观评价所不能达到的.这些主因子的确定,为毛针织服装风格客观综合评价的研究奠定了基础.     

指挥信息系统作战运用效能评估指导模式研究

针对指挥信息系统作战运用效能如何评估更加有效的问题,提出由评估内涵、评估要素和评估流程构成的指挥信息系统作战运用效能评估指导模式.论述指挥信息系统作战运用效能评估指导模式,给出基于群组AHP和模糊综合评判法进行作战运用效能评估的具体方案.实践结果表明:该模式可行、实用,可为总部和部队今后开展指挥信息系统作战运用效能评估提供借鉴.     

秸秆发酵生产蛋白饲料的工艺研究

本文介绍了选择农作物秸秆为原料，采用直接法利用秸秆中纤维素和半纤维素发酵生产单细胞蛋白质饲料的生产工艺。为使纤维素原料通过微生物发酵进入工业化生产提供了一条途径。     

带有鲁棒控制项的MIMO非线性系统的模糊控制

针对一类不确定多输入多输出（MIMO）非线性系统, 提出了一种新的鲁棒间接自适应模糊控制设计方案, 解决了提高模糊控制精度问题. 模糊逻辑系统用作逼近系统的未知函数, 根据跟踪误差给出了参数调节律, 用鲁棒控制项对未知的逼近误差进行补偿, 以此来减小逼近误差对跟踪精度的影响. 基于李亚普诺夫函数方法证明了所设计的控制方案不但能保证跟踪误差收敛到原点的小邻域内, 而且通过适当增大设计参数的值, 可使跟踪误差减小, 提高了控制精度.仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性.     

腌雪菜感官质量的模糊综合评判分析

本文采用改进的模糊综合评判法,对作者研制的经初步筛选的腌雪菜样品进行了感官评价。结果表明:经改进的模糊综合评判法更能增强评判结果的精确性和可靠性,从而为制定一套腌雪菜品质的标准化管理提供新途径。     

Effects of chop length of alfalfa and corn silage on milk production and rumen fermentation of dairy cows

Effects of chop length (shorter = 10 mm or longer = 19 mm) of alfalfa silage and corn silage were determined in 16 midlactation Holstein cows using a 4 × 4 Latin square design with a 2 × 2 arrangement of treatments. Experimental periods were 21 d long and consisted of 14 d of adaptation and 7 d of sampling. Cows received total mixed ration containing (dry matter basis) 44.0% barley grain-based energy supplement, 12.6% protein supplement, and 21.7% longer chop or shorter chop alfalfa silage and 21.7% longer chop or shorter chop corn silage. Reducing the chop length of alfalfa silage and corn silage reduced the average geometric particle length from 14.4 to 11.0 mm and from 14.2 to 10.4 mm, respectively. Reducing the chop length of both silages reduced the proportion of the diets retained by the 8-and 19-mm screen of the Penn State Particle Separator from 55.0 to 46.0% of dry matter. Reducing the alfalfa chop length increased total rumen volatile fatty acids at 4 to 5 h after feeding but did not affect rumen pH at 4 to 5 h after feeding, feed intake, and milk production. Reducing the corn silage chop length increased dry matter intake from 22.3 to 23.2 kg/d, increased rumen pH at 4 to 5 h after feeding from 6.12 to 6.20, but did not alter rumen volatile fatty acids at 4 to 5 h after feeding or milk production. Daily milk yield, milk fat percentage, and milk protein percentage averaged 38.2 kg/d, 2.62%, and 3.29%, respectively, across all diets. The low milk fat percentages suggest that all diets induced subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA), whereas the rumen pH did not indicate SARA. This discrepancy could be due to a difference in the time of rumen pH measurement and the time of the lowest rumen pH. Hence, the pH data need to be interpreted with caution. Diets could have induced SARA, because for all experimental diets the content of forage neutral detergent fiber was lower than recommended for barley grain-based diets.     

Supplemental choline for prevention and alleviation of fatty liver in dairy cattle

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate if supplementing rumen-protected choline (RPC; Reashure, Balchem Encapsulates, Slate Hill, NY) could prevent or alleviate fatty liver in dairy cattle. The first experiment evaluated the effect of supplementing RPC on hepatic triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation during fatty liver induction. Twenty-four dry cows between 45 to 60 d prepartum were paired by body weight (BW) and body condition score (BCS) and randomly assigned to control or supplementation with 15 g of choline as RPC/d. From d 0 to 6, before treatment application, all cows were fed 1.4 kg/d of concentrate and forage ad libitum. Samples of blood and liver, obtained during the pretreatment period, were used for covariate adjustment of blood metabolites and liver composition data. During fatty liver induction (d 7 to 17), cows were fed 1.4 kg/d of concentrate with or without supplementation with RPC, and forage intake was restricted, so cows consumed 30% of the total energy requirements for pregnancy and maintenance. Supplementation with RPC during fatty liver induction did not affect plasma glucose and plasma β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) concentration but did decrease plasma nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA; 703 vs. 562 μEq/L, SE = 40) and liver TAG accumulation (16.7 vs. 9.3 μg/μg of DNA, SE = 2.0). In the second experiment, we evaluated the effect of supplementing RPC on the clearance of liver TAG when cows were fed ad libitum after the induction of fatty liver by feed restriction. Twenty-eight cows between 45 and 60 d prepartum were paired according to BCS and BW and assigned to treatments. Fatty liver was induced by feeding 1.4 kg/ d of concentrate (without RPC) and restricting forage intake, so cows consumed 30% of maintenance and pregnancy energy requirements for 10 d. From d 11 to 16, after feed restriction, cows were fed forage ad libitum and 1.4 kg/d of concentrate with or without RPC. Treatments were not applied during fatty liver induction; however, following feed restriction, liver for cows assigned to control and RPC treatments contained 6.8 and 12.7 μg of TAG/μg of DNA, respectively. Measurements obtained before treatment served as covariates for statistical analysis. During the depletion phase, plasma glucose, BHBA, and NEFA were not affected by treatment. Liver TAG, expressed as covariate adjusted means, was 6.0 and 4.9 μg/μg of DNA (SE = 0.4) on d 13, and 5.0 and 1.5 μg/μg of DNA (SE = 0.9) on d 16 for control and RPC, respectively. Rumen-protected choline can prevent and possibly alleviate fatty liver induced by feed restriction.