304不锈钢GTAW背面保护焊剂性能研究

为了研究单面焊接双面成形背面保护剂的保护效果,采用光学显微镜、电子显微镜、能谱仪、显微硬度计等对接头组织及性能进行表征和分析。结果表明,采用Solar TYPE B型焊接保护剂可以获得成形良好的焊缝;熔合线附近的焊缝组织为联生结晶的奥氏体柱状晶,焊缝中心组织为细小均布的奥氏体枝晶,平均枝晶间距为8.9μm;焊缝背部表层有较低含量的O元素,从而说明保护剂对焊缝背部的保护具有效果良好;焊接接头热影响区的硬度较低,而焊缝区硬度较高,但总体硬度值波动不大。     

中国油气勘探开发新进展与前景展望

近年来,石油企业不断推进油气增储上产,加大投资力度,增加工作量,强化油气勘探和产能建设,取得超预期进展与成效。2019年以来,全国勘探新发现亿吨级油田和新增储量亿吨以上油田共7个,新发现和新增储量千亿立方米以上气田8个,新发现亿吨以上陆相页岩油田2个,实现了深层页岩气、深层煤层气勘探的战略性突破,落实了万亿立方米深层页岩气区,发现了大型浅层页岩气田;全国年均新增探明石油地质储量13.61×108t,年均新增常规天然气探明地质储量约8867×108m3;2022年,石油产量增至约2.05×108t,时隔6年重回2.0×108t以上,天然气产量增至约2178×108m3,超预期完成了油气增储上产阶段性目标任务。基于油气资源潜力分析,近中期,国内油气勘探开发将延续近4年增储上产发展态势,油气新增储量保持高位增长,石油产量在高位实现稳中有增,天然气产量实现较快增长;中长期看,油气探明储量有望较长时期保持高位增长,石油产量将在高位中逐步下行但有望长期稳定在2.0×108t以上,天然气将较长时间增产,2035年预计达到（3300~3500）×108m3,国内油气生产供应能力总体持续提升。要将前景展望变为现实,既需要企业积极应对挑战,保持加大油气勘探开发力度的战略定力,更需要国家层面的政策引导和支持,营造有利于油气增储上产的政策环境。     

基岩型富氦气藏形成条件

氦气是一种广泛应用于军工、航天、医疗等高新技术产业的稀缺战略资源,但其在世界分布极其不均,中国是贫氦国家面临着严峻的氦气供给安全问题。在系统总结前人研究成果基础上,结合本次实验分析对比了世界上最成熟的氦气生产气田（美国潘汉德—胡果顿气田）与中国氦气生产潜力较大的东坪气田,探讨两者的成藏要素及富氦机理。结果发现：两者均是以天然气作为载体气的基岩型富氦气藏,储层物性好,均发育以膏岩为主的低渗致密的良好盖层。两者的差异性在于,前者花岗岩形成年代更为古老,尤其是碳酸盐岩地层中富含的花岗岩碎屑,其年龄集中在元古宙,平均比东坪气田花岗岩的形成年代早400 Ma;前者氦气运移模式偏向于单一的饱和地下水脱溶释放,而后者存在“过路”古老花岗岩储层的天然气“萃取”释放。两者对比之下,提出形成年代久远的高U、Th氦源岩、充足的载体气、良好的基岩风化壳储层与致密的盖层,和充足的地下水（边底水）作为媒介参与氦气运移,是形成基岩型富氦气藏的必要条件。     

上覆不同储盖组合油源断裂输导油气时期厘定方法及其应用

为研究含油气盆地油源断裂带附近不同储盖组合的油气富集规律,在上覆不同储盖组合油源断裂输导油气时期研究的基础上,通过确定油源断裂活动时期、源岩排烃时期和区域性泥岩盖层渗漏时期,组合三者建立了一套上覆不同储盖组合油源断裂输导油气时期的厘定方法。实例应用结果表明：渤海湾盆地歧口凹陷上覆沙一下亚段储盖组合南大港断裂输导油气时期为馆陶组至明化镇组沉积时期,有利于油气在沙一下亚段聚集成藏;上覆东三段储盖组合南大港断裂输导油气时期为明化镇组沉积中期至末期,不利于油气在东三段聚集成藏;上覆馆陶组储盖组合南大港断裂输导油气时期为零,无油气在馆陶组聚集成藏。这与南大港断裂附近目前已发现油气在沙一下亚段相对较多,东三段相对较少和馆陶组无相吻合,表明该方法用于厘定上覆不同储盖组合油源断裂输导油气时期是可行的。     

基于RSV工艺装置提高乙烷收率的工艺技术北大核心CSCD

目的为研究大型天然气深冷工艺装置因膨胀机未投运、关键工艺参数未及时优化调整造成脱甲烷塔操作难度大等导致装置乙烷收率降低等问题,现采用适时投运膨胀机、优化液烃回收装置关键工艺参数等措施开展提高乙烷收率的工艺技术研究。方法基于Aspen HYSYS软件建立装置工艺计算模型,对比分析低温分离器温度、回流贫气和过冷原料气流量及温度等关键设计运行参数对提高乙烷收率的影响,考查上述关键工艺参数对装置乙烷收率的效果。结果经现场验证得出结论,低温分离器温度优化为-68.8~-68.0℃,回流贫气流量和温度分别调整为(7.38~7.60)×10^(4) m^(3)/h、-101.45~-100.05℃,过冷原料气流量和温度分别调整为(7.45~7.63)×10^(4) m^(3)/h、-101.48~-100.45℃,装置实现液烃产品年增产17.56×10^(4) t。结论该项目的应用可实现装置乙烷平均收率由30%提高至90%以上,每年可以获得较高的经济效益,具有较大的推广价值。     

海上油田多元热流体吞吐气窜调剖实验研究及应用北大核心CSCD

目的多元热流体吞吐技术是海上稠油开发的一种经济、有效的技术,但随着吞吐轮次的增加,暴露出易发生“气窜”的问题,即N_(2)、CO_(2)等非凝析气体容易突破到周边生产井,导致其电泵气锁关井影响生产。方法以渤海NB稠油油田为研究对象,采用可视化实验方法,研究防止气窜的治理策略。结果筛选出适合油田的磺酸基泡沫调堵体系,命名为QGQ-4,优化研究出最佳注入参数为质量分数0.4%、泡沫干度在60%以上、地面预制泡沫注入方式。与单纯多元热流体驱相比,泡沫辅助多元热流体驱可提高油藏波及,有效封堵气窜通道,提高平面波及系数37%。结论研究成果现场应用后,受益井初期高峰日产油增加到措施前的1.5倍,日产油由措施前的50.5 m^(3)增至措施后的高峰日产油75.7 m^(3),取得了较好的增产效果。     

Pervaporation via silicon-based membranes: Correlation and prediction of performance in pervaporation and gas permeation

Pervaporation (PV) is a membrane technology that holds great promise for industrial applications. To better understand the PV mechanism, PV dehydrations of various types of organic solvents (methanol, ethanol, iso-propanol, tert-butanol, and acetone) were performed on five types of organosilica and two types of silicon carbide-based membranes, all with different pore sizes. Water permeance was dependent on the types of organic aqueous solutions, which suggested that organic solvents penetrated the pores and hindered the permeation of water. In addition, water permeance of various types of membranes in PV was well correlated with hydrogen permeance in single-gas permeation. Furthermore, a clear correlation was obtained between the permeance ratio in PV and that in single-gas permeation, which was confirmed via the modified-gas translation model. These correlations make it possible to use single-gas permeation properties to predict PV performance.     

Study of filtered interphase heat transfer using highly resolved CFD–DEM simulations

Accurately predicting the complex inhomogeneous heat transfer behavior in gas–solid fluidized beds is of fundamental importance. In this work, we constitute an enhanced filtered interphase heat transfer coefficient (IHTC) closure by systematically filtering the dataset from highly resolved three-dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamics–discrete element model simulations. Particularly, effects of several potential filtered variable markers on filtered IHTC predictions are examined by statistical analysis. We reveal the formulated filtered IHTC correction closure manifests a systematic dependence on filtered interphase temperature difference as an additional marker. The proposed closure shows good agreement with the filtered fine-grid simulation data in an a priori analysis. Moreover, the difference of filtered IHTC corrections deduced from 3D Euler–Euler and Euler–Lagrange simulations is quantified. Finally, the comparative analysis between our proposed filtered IHTC formulation and those in literature is implemented. This work holds a potential to facilitate the development of thermal gas–solid flow modeling.     

High-voltage surge protection by a varistor-filled air gap

The electric discharge across a varistor granule filled air gap under a fast-rising voltage pulse was investigated for surge protection applications. The effects of temperature and pressure on the arc and the electrical conduction were analyzed by the characteristic changes in voltage waveforms triggered by a fast-rising high voltage pulse. In addition to the gap size, experimental results show that competing mechanisms among arc conduction, conduction through the varistor granule network, thermionic emission from Joule heating at granule-to-granule contact points, and the magnitude of the switching voltage dictate the maximum surge protection voltage for the filled air gap. Experimental evidence indicated that accumulated degradation was created at small contact points between varistor granules by repetitive assaults from longer duration, high voltage pulses. The uniqueness of using varistor over other dielectric granules in an air gap for surge protection is identified and discussed.     

Mid‐infrared spectroscopy as a tool for real‐time monitoring of ethanol absorption in glycols

Fast, simple, accurate, and inexpensive methods for obtaining analyte concentration data are desirable in the industrial sector. In the present study, the use of Fourier transform mid‐infrared (FT‐MIR) spectroscopy, combined with partial least squares (PLS) regression, was investigated as a tool for real‐time monitoring of processes of ethanol absorption in glycols. Calibration was performed using simple synthetic samples containing ethanol, water, and monoethylene glycol (MEG) or diethylene glycol (DEG). The PLS models presented excellent performance, with correlation coefficients (R²) close to unity and root‐mean‐square errors of cross‐validation (RMSECV) and prediction (RMSEP) lower than 2% of the calibration data ranges for both analytes (ethanol and water) in both absorbents (MEG and DEG). The monitoring technique developed has potential to be applied in absorption processes and could also be used in other large‐scale unit operations, providing information in real time and enhancing process control.