金属结合层包覆单列磨粒小直径CBN砂轮端面磨削过程研究

金属结合层包覆单列磨粒小直径CBN砂轮在端面磨削过程中突出高度不同的CBN磨粒相继发生后面磨损、切削刃破碎和脱落,产生了砂轮自锐效应。砂轮磨削力呈现低频起伏和高频波动变化的特征,这是由于磨削过程中CBN磨粒后面磨损钝化使磨削力增大以及随后磨钝磨粒破碎变得锐利使磨削力减小的综合作用结果。砂轮磨削过程受到CBN磨粒性能及其切削刃状态的支配,多晶强韧CBN磨粒(BORAZON550,GE产品)耐磨性改善、磨粒微细破碎保持了砂轮的锐利性,延长了单个磨粒服务时间,突出高度不同的磨粒加入磨削过程的批次效应显著,磨削力低频起伏明显,单晶CBN磨粒(BORAZON500,GE产品)破碎范围大有效降低了磨粒切削刃突出高度、新磨粒加入磨削的过程具有连续性,磨削力高频波动明显。     

ON CUMULATIVE DEPTH OF TOUCH-DRESSING OF SINGLE LAYER BRAZED cBN WHEELS WITH REGULAR GRIT DISTRIBUTION PATTERN

The present work deals with a single layer brazed type cBN grinding wheels, which have been developed in-house. Grits were actively brazed on the working surface of the wheels in a regularly distributed pattern so that it could perform grinding without loading. In general, such a wheel produces substantially high transverse roughness. This happens because of its low active grain density. A touch-dressing technique, developed in-house, has been successfully applied on these brazed wheels so that most of the grits did participate and the average roughness could be brought down to an acceptable magnitude. This work investigated the co-relation between the grit size and cumulative depth of dressing required to achieve an acceptable magnitude of transverse roughness. It was found that the required cumulative depth of dressing was dependent on the size of cBN grits. This paper also shows the effect of gradual touch-dressing on improvement of roughness of the surface ground by such new class of recently developed wheels. Experiments were conducted with microcrystalline cBN grits of three different sizes.     

OPTIMIZATION OF DRESSING CONDITIONS FOR A RESIN-BONDED DIAMOND WHEEL BY TOPOGRAPHY ANALYSIS

The macro-geometry (run-out, shape, profile, etc.) and the micro-geometry (density, distribution, and shape of the grains) of a grinding wheel are measured after both truing and dressing. The effectiveness of the truing is studied by analysing the topography of the wheel to characterize the tool and its effect on workpiece surface quality during the grinding process. Using wheel replicas, the surfaces are analyzed with a non-contact interference microscope and the measurements are processed with MountainsMap Software. For different truing and dressing conditions, the dressing efficiency, the grain density, and its effects on the roughness and wear of the wheel in the grinding process are investigated.     

恒毅力养成：针对城市学龄前儿童的一种自然教育

恒毅力是一种基础性的人格特征。恒毅力对于人一生的健康和福祉都有着重要的积极影响。大量研究证明接触自然对当代人恒毅力的养成有显著的促进作用。根据人类身心发展的规律,以恒毅力为主要目标的自然教育最好从学龄前儿童期(5～6岁)开始进行。遗憾的是,关于此类自然教育的理论及实践知识仍然处于分散和不足的状态。因而,发展相对完整的自然教育体系以培养学龄前儿童的恒毅力是十分紧急且重要的。从恒毅力自然教育的理论框架、关键要素及其权重、自然教育及体验活动智库、对自然教育场所及活动的策略性设计这4部分探讨该类自然教育的理论体系和实践策略,或可为研究者提供儿童恒毅力的未来研究趋势,为教育者提供自然教育的实践启示,为设计师提供自然体验的新思路。     

Effect of grit-blasting on substrate roughness and coating adhesion

Statistically designed experiments were performed to compare the surface roughness produced by grit blasting A36/1020 steel using different abrasives. Grit blast media, blast pressure, and working distance were varied using a Box-type statistical design of experiment (SDE) approach. The surface textures produced by four metal grits (HG16, HG18, HG25, and HG40) and three conventional grits (copper slag, coal slag, and chilled iron) were compared. Substrate roughness was measured using surface profilometry and correlated with operating parameters. The HG16 grit produced the highest surface roughness of all the grits tested. Aluminum and zinc-aluminum coatings were deposited on the grit-blasted substrates using the twin-wire electric are (TWEA) process. Bond strength of the coatings was measured with a portable adhesion tester in accordance with ASTM standard D 4541. The coatings on substrates roughened with steel grit exhibit superior bond strength to those prepared with conventional grit. For aluminum coatings sprayed onto surfaces prepared with the HG16 grit, the bond strength was most influenced by current, spray distance, and spray gun pressure (in that order). The highest bond strength for the zinc-aluminum coatings was attained on surfaces prepared using the metal grits.     

Reducing tool wear in abrasive cutting

The abrasive Cut-Off with stationary or hand-operated machines for cutting or grinding metal is still a very common procedure in many enterprises. Because of the relatively low price of the tool ‘cut-off wheel’ little attention is paid to the life-time of the grits. Since it is possible to obtain shape-defined grits for the production of grinding wheels an experimental study was carried out producing and testing such cutting-wheels. It has been shown that it is possible to reduce the wear of the wheel by means of using shape-defined grits. The following paper describes selected experimental studies and their results.     

城市污水处理厂关键辅助设施的节能降耗技术研究

国内新建的大部分污水厂在投产后存在水量、水质变化大的问题,往往造成电、药的浪费,能耗较高。本项目主要通过调节曝气沉砂池罗茨鼓风机的频率以及调整二氧化氯的原料配比,达到节能降耗的目的。以石井污水处理厂的关键辅助设施为研究对象,对实施项目期间的电耗、药耗以及吨水运行成本进行分析。该厂采用具有脱氮除磷功能的改良A2/O工艺。     

利用河道砂砾石填筑路基的可行性试验研究

本文通过用河道砂砾石作为路基建筑材料进行现场试验,论证了其填筑路基的可行性和可靠性,并对这种材料相对于土、石以及粉煤灰作为填料的优越性作进一步阐述,并预测了其广阔的应用前景。     

锅炉湿法除尘废水循环回用治理中的悬浮物处理技术研究

介绍了利用稀土陶瓷和燃煤炉渣净化燃煤锅炉湿式除尘废水中悬浮物的技术研究,并列举实例介绍了该技术在工程中的应用。     

喷砂预处理对HVOF喷涂TiAl-Nb/NiCrAl涂层结合强度的影响

采用不同的喷砂压力对基体表面进行喷砂预处理,研究了基体表面状态的变化对HVOF喷涂TiAl-Nb/NiCrAl涂层结合强度的影响。结果表明：随着喷砂压力的增大,基体粗糙度及表面凹坑的深度和宽度增大,NiCrAl层与基体结合界面处孔洞等缺陷增多,同时基体表面残余砂粒的面积分数增加;涂层结合强度随基体粗糙度的增大,先增大后减小,当基体粗糙度为8.33μm时,结合强度达到最大值44.5 MPa。