Motion Planning for Haptic Guidance

Haptic devices allow a user to feel either reaction forces from virtual interactions or reaction forces reflected from a remote site during a bilateral teleoperation task. Also, guiding forces can be exerted to train the user in the performance of a virtual task or to assist him/her to safely teleoperate a robot. The generation of guiding forces relies on the existence of a motion plan that provides the direction to be followed to reach the goal from any free configuration of the configuration space (-space). This paper proposes a method to obtain such a plan that interleaves a sampling-based exploration of -space with an efficient computation of harmonic functions. A deterministic sampling sequence (with a bias based on harmonic function values) is used to obtain a hierarchical cell decomposition model of -space. A harmonic function is iteratively computed over the partially known model using a novel approach. The harmonic function is the navigation function used as motion plan. The approach has been implemented in a planner (called the Kautham planner) that, given an initial and a goal configuration, provides: (a) a channel of cells connecting the cell that contains the initial configuration with the cell that contains the goal configuration; (b) two harmonic functions over the whole -space, one that guides motions towards the channel and another that guides motions within the channel towards the goal; and (c) a path computed over a roadmap built with the free samples of the channel. The harmonic functions and the solution path are then used to generate the guiding forces for the haptic device. The planning approach is illustrated with examples on 2D and 3D workspaces. This work was partially supported by the CICYT projects DPI2005-00112 and DPI2007-63665.     

Guiding Attention by Cooperative Cues

A common assumption in visual attention is based on the rationale of ＂limited capacity of information processing＂. From this view point there is little consideration of how different information channels or modules are cooperating because cells in processing stages are forced to compete for the limited resource. To examine the mechanism behind the cooperative behavior of information channels, a computational model of selective attention is implemented based on two hypotheses. Unlike the traditional view of visual attention, the cooperative behavior is assumed to be a dynamic integration process between the bottom-up and top-down information. Furthermore, top-down information is assumed to provide a contextual cue during selection process and to guide the attentional allocation among many bottom-up candidates. The result from a series of simulation with still and video images showed some interesting properties that could not be explained by the competitive aspect of selective attention alone.     

红外成像制导导弹飞行仿真研究

为了实现红外成像制导导弹更加逼真和更加有效的仿真从而验证优化红外成像制导导弹的制导效果,研究了红外成像制导导弹飞行仿真技术;讨论了导弹飞行仿真的基本要求和红外成像制导仿真系统设计的基本原理和设计方案,提出了导弹飞行效果的一些评价指标,并利用虚拟现实仿真技术实现了一个导弹飞行可视化仿真系统;分析了仿真实验结果,实验结果表明仿真系统基本满足红外成像制导导弹飞行仿真要求,在红外成像制导导弹的科学研究中有一定价值.     

以就业为导向的实训改革

本文通过在职业教育中引入"教学设计"理念和"以学生为主体、能力培养为本位"的教学思想,努力探索全方位培养学生的专业能力、社会能力、方法能力和道德情操的教学模式,特别是实训考核评价方法的创新,具有普适性和推广价值。     

便捷式GPS导航系统的人机界面设计

基于人机工程学原理,分析了用户与GPS系统的基本人机交互过程及其交互过程的优化设计,探讨便携式GPS导航系统的人机界面设计的一般规律。     

公共设施设计中的引导与强迫——长途汽车客运站候车厅导向设施系统的限定性功能应用

本文首先从公共设施的概念出发,提出了设计引导与强迫的概念,并进行了举例说明。然后以长途汽车站候车大厅为平台,研究了如何利用公共设施设计中的引导与强迫理论来完善其中的导向公共设施设计。最后,以济南长途汽车总站候车厅为例进行了设计分析。     

海防监控系统中雷达引导功能的设计与实现

为了使海防视频监控系统能全天候、全天时有效地工作,需要将雷达与光电传感器配合使用,雷达引导是一种基本的协调使用方式。雷达引导是指通过雷达锁定目标并引导伺服转台转向目标。针对常用的雷达光标引导和目标引导方式的不足,本文提出了一种新的鼠标引导方式,直接双击雷达画面上的目标即可进行引导。本文阐述了鼠标引导的实现方法。该方法在实际系统中使用后,提高了系统实时性和操作上的方便性。     

Vision-guidance of agricultural vehicles

A vision guidance system has been designed, built and commissioned which steers a tractor relative to the rows of a crop such as cotton. It was required to be insensitive to additional visual noise from weeds, while tolerating the fading out of one or more rows in a barren patch of the field. The system integrates data from several crop rows, testing for image quality. At the same time, the data processing requirements have been limited by the use of frame-sequential strategies to reduce the image space which must be processed. The design has been developed to the stage where six evaluation prototypes have been installed to test farmer-acceptance. The present prototypes employ a 486 PC motherboard embedded in a custom housing, together with a 68HC11 microcomputer to which the task of closing the steering servo loop is delegated. The system shows great promise for cost effective commercial exploitation.Experimental results are reported and further sensing systems are outlined for performing related guidance tasks when vision is inappropriate.     

Three Potential Elements of Developing Nerve Guidance Conduit for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration

Autograft replaced by a nerve guidance conduit (NGC) is challenging in peripheral nerve injury because current NGC is still limited by precise conductivity and excellent biocompatibility in vivo, which influences the peripheral nerve repair even for a long lesion gap repair. Several particular elements have the potential function for nerve conductivity acceleration based on the traditional three factors of neural tissue engineering. The review aims to address three questions: 1) What is the superior factor for nerve conduction in the application? 2) How can a more conductive regenerative scaffold be constructed in vivo? 3) What is the next step in nerve regeneration for NGC? The bibliometrics analysis of NGC-related references is adopted to acquire that the conductive material, manufacturing technology of neural scaffold, and electrical stimulation (ES) play essential roles in the acceleration of nerve conduction. This review visually analyses the research status and summarizes the main types of conductive materials, the manufacturing technologies of neural scaffolds, and the characteristics of ES. The viewpoints and outlook of developing NGC are also discussed in this review. The proposed three elements are expected to improve the nerve conduction of NGC in vivo and even address the dilemma of long-distance peripheral nerve injury.     

Event-triggered-based finite-time cooperative path following control for underactuated multiple marine surface vehicles

This paper develops an event-triggered-based finite-time cooperative path following (CPF) control scheme for underactuated marine surface vehicles (MSVs) with model parameter uncertainties and unknown ocean disturbances. First, a finite-time extended state observer (FTESO) is proposed, in which the FTESO can estimate the velocities and compound disturbances in finite time. Then, the finite-time LOS guidance law based on velocity estimation values is designed to obtain the desired surge velocity and the desired yaw rate. In order to realize the cooperative control of multiple paths in finite time, the cooperative control law for the path variable is designed. In addition, the relative threshold event-triggered control (ETC) mechanism is incorporated into the formation control algorithm, and an event-triggered-based finite-time CPF controller is designed, which not only effectively reduces the update frequency of controller and the mechanical loss of actuator but also improves the control performance of system. Furthermore, by using homogeneous method, Lyapunov theory, and finite-time stability theory, it is proved that under the proposed finite-time CPF control scheme, the formation errors can converge to a small neighborhood around origin in finite time. Finally, numerical simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.