河道洪水演算方法之间参数关系的研究

本文根据累积量定理推导了马斯京根法与扩散模拟法、加里宁一米留柯夫法与扩散模拟法之间参数关系的表达式,并与参数关系的水动力学推导作了比较,结果表明两者完全一样,本文还给出了滞时演进法与扩散模拟法之间参数的关系、河道洪水演算方法之间参数关系的研究,对概念性流域地貌汇流模型的建立具有一定的理论价值,而且对于认识汇流参数的推移和坦化作用以及汇流模型之间的比较均具有一定的实用价值.     

SPH simulations of flow around a periodic array of cylinders confined in a channel

In this paper, we present a numerical study on the performance of SPH in the case of a very viscous flow of a Newtonian liquid around a linear array of cylinders confined in a channel. This specific flow problem, being characterized by a complex mixing of both shear and extensional behaviour, allows to quantify systematically the accuracy of the standard SPH in, up to now, rarely considered complex geometries. Global accuracy tests based on the estimation of the dimensionless drag force acting on the cylinder as well as the inspection of the local velocity profiles are considered and compared with reference solutions. In agreement with previous findings, the impact of two numerical parameters, namely the smoothing length h and particle spacing Δx, is discussed and found to be crucial for the overall order of convergence of the method. In particular, accurate results can be obtained which are in very good agreement with standard mesh‐based methods provided that the number of neighbours is chosen properly. The present results, being based on a detailed convergence analysis in a complex flow problem, justify the applicability of the SPH method to more complex wall‐bounded flows upon critical choice of the model parameters and at the same time can serve as a useful benchmark test for further modelling improvement in the field. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A review of salt marsh dynamics

Salt marshes have been the subject of extensive research over many years. As well as gaining the interest of biologists, physical processes within the marsh have been measured in some detail since at least the 1920s. There have been various attempts to develop a fuller understanding of the inter‐relationship between physical and biological processes within salt marshes. Advances often go in step changes. Over the last 10–20 years, there has been such a change with the ability to capture and manipulate spatial data in sufficient detail to be able to resolve not only surface topography but also variations in vegetation and a number of relevant physical properties. This review paper seeks to highlight the advances in the understanding of salt marsh dynamics and our ability to investigate the relationships between physical and biological properties. Some consideration is also given to the areas that would benefit from new or further research.     

水动力条件对富营养化影响规律探讨

富营养化防治的技术关键,是需要了解抑制藻类生长的外部环境条件及其影响作用规律．基于国内外对气候条件和营养盐条件对藻类生长速率影响研究成果基础上,采用机理分析和实际案例分析相结合的方法,重点探讨了以流速为表征要素的水动力条件对藻类生长速率的影响特点,并且以三峡库区支流大宁河为例,初步建立了流速对藻类生长速率影响规律的经验关系式,为预测三峡库区富营养化演变态势提供基础,进而为有效防治富营养化提供技术支撑．     

导叶不同步装置降低蜗壳进口压力的机理研究

利用基于特征线原理的蜗壳进口压力的表达式,结合含导叶不同步装置的水泵水轮机的全特性曲线,对高水头抽水蓄能电站中,低比转速水泵水轮机甩负荷时,导叶不同步装置降低蜗壳进口压力的机理进行了理论分析和探讨。导叶不同步装置的及时投入,增大了流量特性曲线在“S”特性影响区内的正斜率,减小了水轮机甩负荷时每一时间步长内的蜗壳进口压力的上升幅值,从而在一定程度上降低了蜗壳进口压力的最大值,但并不改变蜗壳进口压力的双峰特性。另外,在水轮机甩负荷工况的同时,MGV装置的延时投入时间越短,预开启导叶的附加开度的增加速率越快,蜗壳进口压力的最大值就降低的越多。     

泵技术进展与发展趋势

泵作为一种典型的水力机械,在国民经济中扮演着重要的角色,其技术进展一直受到多个行业的关注。在各种应用需求的驱动以及材料、力学、信息和计算机等相关学科的带动下,泵理论和技术研究已取得巨大进展。人们对泵内流机理和运行特性的认识更为深入,数字化设计和信息化运维已得到广泛应用,泵产品已逐步具有生态友好和智能化特征。本文以2000年以来泵领域所取得的进展为重点,围绕旋涡泵、离心泵、混流泵、轴流泵和贯流泵等叶片式泵,从产品应用需求出发,针对泵的水动力学、设计技术、振动噪声、节能与运维技术等四个部分对技术进展进行综述,并对泵的发展趋势进行总结和展望。     

The condition of the least‐squares finite element matrices

A universal, practical, a priori, numerical procedure is presented by which to realistically bind the spectral condition number of the global stiffness matrix generated by the finite element least‐squares method. The procedure is then applied to second and fourth‐order problems in one and two dimensions to show that the condition of the global stiffness matrix thus generated is, in all instances, proportional to but the diameter of the element squared. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

压阻式矢量水听器声敏感结构的阻尼设计分析

用声学、流体力学理论,结合振动学的理论分析声敏感结构的阻尼特性,找出设计应遵循的一些基本原则。通过声学分析,得出了系统的阻尼与质量振动体的质点振速、阻尼介质参数、质量块的表面积和振动频率有关。对于相同的质量块结构,由于表面积相同,则在空气中的声辐射阻小于在液体中的辐射阻,可以得出质量块在空气中的阻尼系数小于在液体中的阻尼系数的结论,并有声系统中辐射阻的作用与拾振系统中阻尼的作用可以等效的结论。对于一维平动、一维非平动、二维有限平板情况,阻尼系数的表达式具有基本相同的形式,阻尼系数与结构参数有关,与板间距h三次方成反比,与材料的粘滞系数成正比。     

最高冰塞,冰坝水位计算与预报的动力—随机模型

应用动力模型可以计算出某一流量过程的最高冰塞、冰坝水位。然而在设计工作中希望知道在某一概率流量情况下的最高冰塞、冰坝水位。为此，本文建立了相应的动力－随机模型。据本文作者所知道的情况，该模型在文献中尚未见到过。本文用水动力学及随机函数的相关理论两种方法论证了动力－随机模型解的收敛性。在该模型中本文建议用数学期望作为边界断面的时均值，用均方差作为边界断面上的随机值。在最大流量概率密度服从对数正态分布