600MWe超临界循环流化床锅炉水冷壁温度

超临界循环流化床锅炉是高效的污染煤燃烧技术。对采用一次上升垂直管的 60 0MWe超临界循环流化床锅炉燃烧室水冷壁的 5个负荷下的水动力进行计算。计算表明 ,在 60 %1 0 0 %MCR的负荷范围内均没有发生DNB。水冷壁出口工质最高温度偏差发生在MCR工况时 ,其值达到 1 8℃。最高金属壁温发生在MCR负荷下 ,水冷壁出口处为 440℃左右 ,低于材料的使用极限     

新型垂直板规整填料流体力学及传质性能

采用氧解吸实验,在直径190 mm的有机玻璃塔内,液相喷淋密度10～38 m³·m^-2·h^-1,F因子0.2～3.2 m·s^-1·（kg·m^-3）^0.5的实验条件下测定了一种新型垂直板规整填料的流体力学及传质性能。实验结果表明：垂直板填料的操作压降及传质性能均显著优于商业波纹填料。通过与几种经改进的250型波纹填料相比发现,两者泛点F因子整体上相当;在较高液体喷淋密度下,垂直板填料传质性能及压降均高于改进250型波纹填料;在低喷淋密度下,垂直板填料可实现压降低于改进250型波纹填料,而两者传质性能相当。此外,对填料结构改进对其性能的影响进行了单因素考察。     

端面锥形参数对锥-孔组合型机械密封性能的影响

给出新型锥-孔组合型端面密封,考虑液膜压场的变化规律与环受力变形的相互作用关系,构建机械密封3D流、固耦合数学模型,并给出相关的数值计算方法,获得了膜压分布规律及端面变形情况,分析锥面结构参数在各工况下对密封性能的影响规律。结果表明：由菱形孔所引起的动压效应可使端面产生周向和径向波状变形,而静压效应随锥度Ф和锥宽比γ的变化,在端面区域范围内所起作用也发生相应变化;对压强较低和低、中转速设备,应选取Ф=5~6或Ф=2~4的收敛锥面密封,且γ=0.8~1.0。对高压和高速设备,应选用Ф=2~3的收敛锥面密封,且γ=1.0或γ=0.2;通过改变锥面结构可有效改变机械密封的特性参数,实现密封运行中的自动调节,特别适合变工况条件。另外,由于锥面结构的变化所引起平衡系数B和膜厚h的变化,低速时可弥补动压效应较小的缺陷,获得较大开启力,也可在大h下工作,故可降低密封端面对平整度和光洁度的要求。     

SHIP HYDRODYNAMICS BASIC RESEARCH IN THE UNITED STATES

ＳＨＩＰＨＹＤＲＯＤＹＮＡＭＩＣＳＢＡＳＩＣＲＥＳＥＡＲＣＨＩＮＴＨＥＵＮＩＴＥＤＳＴＡＴＥＳ￥ＥｄｗｉｎＰ．Ｒｏｏｄ（ＭｅｃｈａｎｉｃｓａｎｄＥｎｇｅｒｇｙＣｏｎｖｅｒｓｉｏｎ（３３３），ＯｆｆｉｃｅｏｆＮａｖａｌＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＡｒｌｉｎｇｔｏｎ...     

"H"型分流道流动平衡与塑料熔体动力学的关系

针对小型塑料件采用一模多腔的模具进行生产时存在的分流道流动平衡问题,通过分析流体在管道中的动反力,揭示了塑料熔体动力学行为与流道平衡的关系。结果表明,注射速率对流道平衡问题是非常敏感的一在生产实践中,对一模多腔模具的分流道问题,只要耐心调整注射速率,是可以生产出合格产品的。     

复合塔板的流体力学特性(Ⅰ) 孔径和开孔率对塔板流体力学特性的影响

基于火力发电厂烟气脱硫工程化项目的需要 ,提出了一种同时具备大孔径和高开孔率条件、由大孔筛板和波纹板填料及其附件构成的复合塔板 ,研究了孔径和开孔率对于该复合塔板流体力学性能的影响 .结果表明 :与其他的塔板相比 ,该塔板在同样的操作条件下压降更低 ,通量更大.     

对相钢在流动中性含砂氯化物中的磨损腐蚀

研究了双相钢在流动含砂的3．5％NaCl溶液中的磨损腐蚀规律,测定、分析了流动体系中的电化学阻抗谱,揭示了双相钢磨损腐蚀过程中电化学的作用及其机制。结果表明,腐蚀曜 磨损腐蚀过程中起主要作用,流体力学因素只是加速了腐蚀电化学过程,阻抗谱在低频区出现一直线段和低频收缩现象。分别是双相钢在磨损腐蚀过程中电极处于自钝化状态,并受离子在钝化膜中的扩散、迁移过程控制和电极表面局部遭受破坏的特征,对于流动体系中电化学阻抗谱的分析,曹氏阻抗理论同样适用。     

Modeling for local dynamic behaviors of phenol biodegradation in bubble columns

A coupled three-dimensional (3-D) model, combining hydrodynamics with biochemical reactions, was developed to simulate the local transient flow patterns and the dynamic behaviors of cell growth and phenol biodegradation by yeast Candida tropicalis in the bubble-column bioreactor, using the computational fluid dynamic (CFD) method. In order to validate this proposed model effectively, the validation of the local hydrodynamic characteristics of the gas-mineral salt solution (gas-liquid) two-phase system, with the phenol concentration of 1200 mg/L, and with the absence of cells, was performed in a square-sectioned bubble column bioreactor using the LDA system and conductivity probe. Furthermore, the validation of phenol biodegradation behaviors by yeast Candida tropicalis at different initial concentrations of phenol and cell was also carried out in the above bubble-column bioreactor. The results indicated that the model simulations had a satisfying agreement with the experimental data. Finally, the local instantaneous flow and phenol biodegradation features including gas holdup, gas velocity, liquid velocity, cell concentration and phenol concentration inside the bioreactor were successfully predicted in different-scale bubble columns by the proposed model. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006     

Characterizing Aciniform Silk Repetitive Domain Backbone Dynamics and Hydrodynamic Modularity

Spider aciniform (wrapping) silk is a remarkable fibrillar biomaterial with outstanding mechanical properties. It is a modular protein consisting, in Argiope trifasciata, of a core repetitive domain of 200 amino acid units (W units). In solution, the W units comprise a globular folded core, with five α-helices, and disordered tails that are linked to form a ~63-residue intrinsically disordered linker in concatemers. Herein, we present nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy-based ¹⁵N spin relaxation analysis, allowing characterization of backbone dynamics as a function of residue on the ps–ns timescale in the context of the single W unit (W₁) and the two unit concatemer (W₂). Unambiguous mapping of backbone dynamics throughout W₂ was made possible by segmental NMR active isotope-enrichment through split intein-mediated trans-splicing. Spectral density mapping for W₁ and W₂ reveals a striking disparity in dynamics between the folded core and the disordered linker and tail regions. These data are also consistent with rotational diffusion behaviour where each globular domain tumbles almost independently of its neighbour. At a localized level, helix 5 exhibits elevated high frequency dynamics relative to the proximal helix 4, supporting a model of fibrillogenesis where this helix unfolds as part of the transition to a mixed α-helix/β-sheet fibre.     

Density functional modelling in multiphase compositional hydrodynamics

This work is essentially a review of a density functional approach in multiphase hydrodynamics developed by the authors during the last 15 years [Dinariev, J Appl Math Mech 1995;59(5):745–752; Dinariev, J Appl Math Mech 1998;62(3):397–405; Demyanov and Dinariev, Fluid Dynam 2004;39(6):933–944; Demianov et al., “Basics of the Density Functional Theory in Hydrodynamics,” Fizmatlit, Moscow; 2009 (in Russian); Dinariev and Evseev, Fluid Dynam 2010;45(1):85–95]. The basic assumption is a representation of the entropy or the Helmholtz energy of the mixture as a functional that is dependent upon chemical component densities. The hydrodynamic system of equations (local conservation laws for chemical components, momentum, and energy) is used to describe multiphase processes, and the constitutive relations (expressions for stresses, diffusion, and heat fluxes) are derived from entropy growth requirement. The authors present the results of numerical simulations describing static and dynamic multiphase systems.