圆筒型填料的性能研究

针对一种开有两层相互交错窗孔并带有齿形结构弧片的新型圆筒型填料,在内径为600mm的有机玻璃塔内,采用空气-水物系,研究了它的流体力学性能;在内径为600mm的不锈钢塔内,采用环己烷-正庚烷物系,在常压、全回流的情况下,研究了它的传质性能;在内径为300mm的有机玻璃塔内,研究了分别以圆筒型填料、固定阀塔板和复合塔板为塔内件时脱除工业废水中丙烯腈的效果。实验结果表明,圆筒型填料的齿状结构改善了气液两相在填料层中的微流动和液体分布;与鲍尔环填料相比,当F因子为1.0～3.0kg0.5/(m0.5.s)时,圆筒型填料的干床压降降低了23%～40%;当喷淋密度为20m3/(m2.h)、F因子为1.0kg0.5/(m0.5.s)时,湿床压降降低了约40%;圆筒型填料的液泛点提高;当F因子为1.0～2.5kg0.5/(m0.5.s)时,等板高度比鲍尔环填料降低了11%～20%;当采用圆筒型填料作为塔内件时,丙烯腈脱除率比固定阀塔板高约8%,比复合塔板稳定。     

ON THE FORMATION OF THE BULGE IN A SPILLING BREAKING WATER WAVE

The early stages of a spilling breaking water wave leading to the formation of a bulge on the forward face of the wave are investigated. In this study, simultaneous space-time measurements of the free-surface elevation of a spilling breaking water wave are recorded and analyzed. The analysis, carried out in the frame of reference moving with the crest of the wave,reveals that the formation of the bulge is due to the presence of a shock-like mode. In the previous frame of reference, the shock itself is unsteady but its (spatial) location is time independent and coincides with the "toe" of the bulge. As time increases, the shock undergoes a flip (a reflection symmetry) with respect to the midpoint of our time interval. Such a flip is responsible for an abrupt increase of the wave steepe-ness, which will lead to wave breaking at later times. Following these observations, we present a two-dimensional quantitative model which reproduces both the formation of the bulge and the sudden increase of the wave stee     

Combining remote sensing with physical flow laws to estimate river channel geometry

A reliable representation of river terrains is essential to river research. Field surveys of river channel geometry are time‐consuming, costly, and logistically constrained and thus would encounter difficulties to achieve sufficient spatial coverage, resolution, and frequency of resurvey. This paper aims to demonstrate an efficient approach to building a river terrain model (RTM), the emphasis being on how to combine bathymetry and topography derived from satellite images captured at different flow stages. A method for calculating the difference between high and low stages (DHLS) based on the uniform‐flow theory is proposed. Calculations are carried out for a 13‐km long meandering section of the gravel‐bed Goulais River in Canada, which features pools and riffles, alternating point bars, and midchannel bars. A RTM for this complex section has been successfully produced. It consists of three data components: bathymetry at low stage, topography at high stage, and DHLS. The results capture realistic characteristics, including thalweg shift, steep outer banks, and gradual inner banks. They also show realistic longitudinal and lateral locations of pools and riffles. To illustrate potential applications of RTM, this paper has computed extreme bed shear stresses at bankfull discharge through hydrodynamics simulations of depth‐averaged flow in the river section and further estimated bed‐sediment grain‐size distributions. The estimates compare well with field measurements. The DHLS can vary significantly along a river channel. The proposed method for determining it is not site‐specific, and hence applicable to other rivers. The novelty of the methodology discussed lies in combining remote sensing techniques with physical flow laws.     

Evaluation of Diluted and Undiluted Trickle-Bed Hydrotreating Reactor with Different Catalyst Volume

In this work, a comparative study on the combined effects of hydrodynamics and kinetics on the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of a straight-run gas oil (SRGO) using a trickle-bed reactor with and without diluent (SiC) and different catalyst volume (0.1, 0.07, and 0.050 × 10^-3 m³, respectively) was carried out. The tests were conducted in a pilot plant under conditions close to those used in industrial-scale units (5492 kPa, 445.4 m³(STP)/m³ H₂/oil ratio, 623-643K, 0.9 and 2.5 h^-1 LHSV values). The catalyst used was a commercial CoMoP/Al₂O₃ formulation shaped as tri-lobed extrudates (1/20 in, nominal size) or as crushed particles (d_p = 1.2 × 10^-3 m). Contrarily to that usually claimed, the undiluted systems showed better performance than those comprising small diluent (SiC) particles (d_p ~ 5 × 10^-5 m). Calculations to evaluate hydrodynamic variables (plug-flow behavior, wall effects, wetting, and back-mixing) were carried out in order to explain the observed facts. The possible influences of the size of the diluent particles used are discussed.     

Call For Paper The 9th International Workshop on Ship and Marine Hydrodynamics（IWSH＇2015, 26- 28 August 2015, Glasgow,UK）

<正>In 1999,the first International Workshop on Ship Hydrodynamics was successfully held in Wuhan,China.Then it was held in Wuhan,Shanghai,Zhenjiang,Harbin,Seoul in subsequent every two years.These Conferences had drawn a variety of international delegates including scientists,engineers and researchers with a common interest in ship hydrodynamics.They provided a forum to promote scientific advancement,technological progress,information exchange,and cooperation among engineers and researchers in ship and ocean engineering and other related fields.The coming IWSH’2015 conference will change its full name to International Workshop on Ship and Marine Hydrodynamics.It will be hosted and organized by University of Strathclyde,UK and sponsored by Lloyd’s Register,UK.The IWSH’2015 will be a platform for engineers and researchers to keep abreast     

基于光滑粒子流体动力学方法的溃坝水流模拟

受全球气候变暖的影响,由极端天气引发的类似溃坝等问题发生的概率大大增加,深入研究溃坝水流的水动力特性势在必行。在分析光滑粒子流体动力学基本原理的基础上,提出了一种改进的边界处理方法,即将接近壁面的流体视为层流,在耦合动力边界附近引入层流黏性近似边界层理论。采用该方法对溃坝水流进行数值模拟,将SPH数值模拟得到的外轮廓、自由液面高度以及压力与实验结果进行了比较和分析。结果表明：改进的边界处理方法较完整地得到了水流与壁面相互作用而产生的多种复杂的物理现象,其外部轮廓与实验非常吻合;自由表面融合过程中液面间冲击的能量耗散会导致融合后的液面高度存在一些差异;不同监测点处压力随时间的变化基本落在置信区间之内。数值模拟结果与实验结果吻合度较高,验证了改进方案的可靠性和计算结果的准确性。     

基于SPH消力池内陡坡水跃的数值模拟

为了满足明渠水流入流的边界条件,扩展SPH方法在明渠恒定流模拟中的应用,本文建立SPH方法的出入流模型,通过设置相应的出入流边界条件,研究不同坡度下消力池内陡坡水跃特性。针对两种不同流量,对斜坡坡角θ分别在20°、30°、45°条件下的陡坡水跃进行数值模拟。模拟结果与文献中的实验结果进行对比分析,结果表明:出入流模型能为陡坡水跃的数值模拟提供稳定的水流。各陡坡不同流量下水面线的变化趋势基本相同,误差均在±10%内;相同坡角时,单宽流量为0.063 m~2/s的消能效果均大于单宽流量为0.105 m~2/s的消能效果。该方法处理出入流边界简单,合理准确,能够较好地模拟不同坡度下消力池内陡坡水跃,得到陡坡水跃特性,具有一定的可行性和可靠性。     

流体力学教学中的传统教学与网络多媒体教学

通过论述传统教学模式与多媒体网络教学模式的利弊 ,提出了在流体力学教学活动中既要弘扬传统教学的优点 ,又要融入现代多媒体网络教学 ,两者有机地结合起来 ,高效率、高质量地培养出优秀人才。     

Controllable motion synthesis in a gaseous medium

The generation of realistic motion satisfying user-defined requirements is one of the most important goals of computer animation. Our aim in this paper is the synthesis of realistic, controllable motion for lightweight natural objects in a gaseous medium. We formulate this problem as a large-scale spacetime optimization with user controls and fluid motion equations as constraints. We have devised novel and effective methods to make this large optimization tractable. Initial trajectories are generated with data-driven synthesis based on stylistic motion planning. Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is used during optimization to produce fluid simulations at a reasonable computational cost, while interesting vortex-based fluid motion is generated by recording the presence of vortices in the initial trajectories and maintaining them through optimization. Object rotations are refined as a postprocess to enhance the visual quality of the results. We demonstrate our techniques on a number of animations involving single or multiple objects.     

脉冲筛板柱萃取分离钍鈾的研究(Ⅰ)——钍铀分离脉冲筛板柱的流体力学性能

在2英寸脉冲筛板柱中,结合钍铀分离的Thorex过程,研究了30％TBP-煤油/水和30％TBP-煤油/Th(NO_3)_4-UO_2(NO_3)_2-HNO_3-H_2O体系脉冲筛板柱的流体力学性能。通过实验对液泛通量、分散相存留分数等流体力学参数,并用改进的Pratt公式对两相流体力学流体力学行为进行了关联,得到了较为满意的结果。通过对脉冲筛板柱流体力学性能的研究,获得了最优操作条件,为进一步的传质实验研究奠定了基础。