HTPE的合成及弹性体的性能

以大分子聚乙二醇为引发剂(起始剂),三氟化硼乙醚络合物为催化剂,在少量环氧丙烷助开环的条件下,四氢呋喃发生阳离子开环聚合,直接在聚乙二醇的两端接上了聚四氢呋喃醚链段,从而制备出了一种全新结构的PTHF-PEO-PTHF端羟基三嵌段共聚醚(HTPE),采用红外光谱和核磁共振1H NMR对产物进行了表征,并以合成的HTPE...     

高温下TATB基钝感炸药爆轰波波阵面曲率效应实验研究

为了研究高温环境对钝感炸药爆轰波波阵面曲率效应的影响,采用高速扫描照相技术及电探针测速技术获取了高温60℃环境下TATB基钝感炸药三种直径药柱爆轰波拟定态爆轰波形状及波速。结果表明,TATB基钝感炸药在高温60℃下的拟定态爆轰波波速随着炸药直径基本呈现线性增长趋势,且相同直径的高温结果均低于常温结果。三种直径TATB基钝感炸药在高温60℃下的拟定态波阵面形状较常温结果更为陡峭。采用遗传算法对三种直径炸药的实验结果进行拟合计算,获得了TATB基钝感炸药高温曲率效应D_n(κ)关系参数。采用DSD(Detonation Shock Dynamics)方法对三种直径炸药的爆轰波非理想传播过程进行了模拟,计算结果与实验结果吻合较好。     

冷却结晶法制备不敏感RDX研究

考察了RDX在不同溶剂中的冷却结晶行为,环己酮作为溶剂时得到的晶体品质最高。对RDX在环己酮中冷却结晶过程的研究结果表明,搅拌速率主要影响粒度及其分布,降温速率则决定晶体缺陷数量及体积,搅拌速率为200~400 rpm,降温速率为0.05~0.2 K.min-1时,RDX特性落高最大可提高约70%。     

2, 4-二硝基咪唑的合成、热性能及感度研究（英）

实验室合成出了2,4-二硝基眯唑。     

Synthesis, Thermal Stability and Sensitivity of 2, 4-Dinitroimidazole

Pursuing new insensitive high explosive (IHE) is the main research hot-point in explosive field. Nitroimidazole compounds were mainly studied in the medicine chemistry in the past[1-2], seldom seen as the components of explosives and propellants. But now, several nitroimidazole compounds, such as 2, 4-dinitroimidazole (2, 4-DNI), 2, 4, 5-trinitroimidazole (2, 4, 5-TNI) and 1-methyl-2, 4, 5-trinitroimidazole (MTNI) etc are found to be the important intermediates of synthesizing new high explosives or itself possessing excellent explosive performances[3-5]. This paper introduces the synthesis, especially the experimental thermal stability, sensitivity and security of 2, 4-dinitroimidazole (2, 4-DNI).     

Risk assessment of war wrecks – a comprehensive approach investigating four wrecks containing munitions in the German Bight/North Sea

Shipwrecks and dumped munition continue to be a major hazard, both in the North Sea but also on a global scale. Research within the EU Interreg project North Sea Wrecks (NSW), in cooperation with the German Aerospace Centre, Institute for the Protection of Maritime Infrastructures (DLR), is generating new insights into the status of wrecks, the potential leakage of pollutants from remaining munitions loads and the effects of contamination on exposed marine organisms in the North Sea environment. Further, historical documents are generated from archives to describe ship's history and sinking scenario. These historical findings were compared to models and images of the visual inspections of the wrecks. Further, samples of water, sediment and organisms are being analysed for traces of explosives. Combining the results of these different fields of research allows for a better understanding of the environmental risks deriving from these wrecks. This process is shown below by focusing on the wreck of the German light cruiser SMS MAINZ, which sank in 1914. Data were compared to three additional wrecks situated also within the southern German Bight. Available data about the wrecks were preliminary assessed using a wreck risk model. Finally, wrecks were ranked according to their potential environmental risk.     

基于摄动原理的火箭弹落点实时预测

基于摄动原理,提出了以6自由度弹道方程解算的弹道为火箭弹基准弹道,求解参数扰动引起的落点偏差变化量的落点实时预测方法,并给出了详细解算步骤。将各种扰动系数的解算赋予地面火控计算机,降低了弹载计算机的解算复杂度和解算量。以122 mm火箭弹为例,选取一条基准弹道,分别对无扰动、仅存在初始扰动和全弹道存在随机扰动3种条件下的无控弹道进行了落点预测仿真实验和火箭弹落点预测飞行试验。研究结果表明：该方法在仿真实验和实际飞行试验中都具有较高的预测精度,横向偏差收敛速度较纵向偏差快,其波动幅度在全弹道上较纵向偏差小,而且纵向偏差预测在火箭弹降弧段才趋于收敛;采用该方法进行预测时每次解算时间为167 ns左 右,远小于弹载控制器2 ms的控制周期,实现了实时预测。     

频率漂移不敏感太赫兹波透射测量系统设计

当太赫兹波源频率发生漂移时,由于干涉效应会影响太赫兹波对样品透射测量结果的精度。设计了一种频率漂移不敏感的双光路透射测量系统。用MATLAB建立了F-P干涉效应仿真模型,对参数进行了优化,分析比较了太赫兹波源频率漂移对单路和双路透射测量系统测量精度的影响。结果表明,该测量系统有效地克服了太赫兹辐射源频率漂移对测量的影响,提高了测量精度。     

Energetic Improvements by N-Oxidation: Insensitive Amino-Hydroximoyl-Tetrazole-2N-Oxides

5-Aminohydroximoyl-2-hydroxytetrazole (3) was synthesized in a three-step synthesis from inexpensive starting materials. This novel tetrazole derivative contains two energetic moieties: an N-oxide as well as an aminohydroximoyl group. Various energetic nitrogen-rich salts such as hydroxylammonium (4), guanidinium (5), aminoguanidinium (6), ammonium (7), and triaminoguanidinium (8) were synthesized. Moreover, zwitterionic 5-amidrazonyl-tetrazole-2-oxide monohydrate (9) was synthesized. Compounds 4, 5, 8, 9, and 10 were structurally characterized using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Additionally, all new compounds were characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and vibrational (infrared [IR], Raman) spectroscopy as well as mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. The thermal behavior was studied using differential thermal analysis (DTA) measurements and the sensitivities of the compounds toward shock, friction, and electrostatic discharge were determined. Finally, the enthalpies of formation were calculated (atomization method, CBS-4 M enthalpies) and several detonation/propulsion parameters computed with the EXPLO5 code.     

A Study of Reduced-Sensitivity RDX

Five lots of RDX (1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5,-triazinane) were believed to have different shock sensitivities based on large-scale gap test (LSGT) results. Laboratory investigations included direct-insertion mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography, powder X-ray diffraction, polarized light with hot-stage microscopy, infrared and Raman spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). DSC proved useful at distinguishing differences between lots. The RDX lots studied included three made in the United States by BAE Ordinance Systems (Holston), one from Eurenco (formally SNPE), and one from Dyno Nobel. Of Holston RDX, two lots had been reprocessed by Eurenco to reduce sensitivity. Increased sensitivity appeared to correlate with increased HMX (octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine) content. Aging and heating of RDX with HMX content appeared to contribute to the formation of an RDX/HMX eutectic, which could explain the enhanced sensitivity observed in some samples.