N_2/Fe(100)相互作用的动力学研究

用准经典轨迹法对N2－Fe（100）系统进行了研究，分析了氮分子在Fe（100）面上的直接散射和离解性吸附等过程中的能量传递和重新分配，阐明了表面催化的机理。作为准经典轨迹法更为深入的应用，研究了主要LEPS势参数和势特性对初始离解吸附几率（S0）的影响，得出了S0随势特性变化的规律。     

钻井岩屑粒径分布规律的研究

钻井振动筛是固控系统的重要分离设备,其主要任务是清除钻井液中直径大于74μm的固相颗粒。对辽河油田7口井深0～3500m的钻井岩屑进行了实地取样,分析了岩样颗粒直径大于74μm的粒径分布特征。分析结果表明,钻井岩屑具有明显的片状特征,颗粒的粒径分布主要与地层岩性和破岩工具有关,随着井深的变化,其岩样粒径分布呈现出幂分布、2分布和瑞利分布等3组典型规律。给出了岩屑颗粒的概率直径;建议在筛面颗粒运动特性研究、筛网工作载荷的计算和激振方式的选择中,应考虑岩屑颗粒片状特性的影响。     

不确定移动对象概率Skyline集的查询更新

Skyline查询的研究已从传统的静态Skyline操作延伸到动态的、不确定数据集上的Skyline查询和计算上。研究了移动环境下,查询点位置固定、目标点处于运动状态并且位置不确定情况下的连续概率Skyline计算问题。这个过程中,移动对象与查询对象之间的距离随时间不断变化。移动对象由于其运动状态导致位置无法精确定位,因此移动对象之间的支配关系只能采用概率形式表示,且随时间不断变化。给出了移动对象间的支配概率的定义,以及移动对象Skyline概率的定义,并定义了触发事件来记录对象支配概率发生变化的时刻,实现概率Skyline计算的连续跟踪和动态更新。提出了基于事件触发的连续概率Skyline查询算法(event triggered continuous probabilistic Skyline query for uncertain moving object,U-ECPS),对移动环境下的Skyline集进行连续查询和更新。大量的实验结果验证了U-ECPS算法的有效性。     

水工钢闸门主梁模糊失效概率计算方法研究

为合理计算水工钢闸门主梁模糊失效概率,分别将主梁相对变形当作一个随机变量及三个变量的组合,采用积分法、当量随机化方法及蒙特卡罗法进行了计算。当相对变形为一个随机量时,采用积分法及当量随机化方法计算,两者的差别在于积分法用隶属函数描述模糊限值,当量随机化方法是将模糊限值当量作为一个随机量。当相对变形看作三个变量的组合时采用蒙特卡罗法进行计算,该方法考虑了三个变量的分布特性,更符合实际情况,模糊限值也用随机量表示。计算表明,积分法与当量随机化方法结果相近,验证了当量随机化方法的精度;蒙特卡罗法结果与相对变形服从正态分布时、用当量随机化方法计算的结果接近,故主梁相对变形服从正态分布更为合理。三种计算方法中,当量随机化方法计算失效概率相较于其它方法有计算过程简便,效率高的优点。     

Probabilistic heuristic estimates

Though they constitute the major knowledge source in problem-solving systems, no unified theory of heuristics has emerged. Pearl [15] defines heuristics as criteria, methods, or principles for deciding which among several alternative courses of action promises to be the most effective in order to achieve some goal. The absence of a more precise definition has impeded our efforts to understand, utilize, and discover heuristics. Another consequence is that problem-solving techniques which rely on heuristic knowledge cannot be relied upon to act rationally — in the sense of the normative theory of rationality.To provide a sound basis for BPS, the Bayesian Problem-Solver, we have developed a simple formal theory of heuristics, which is general enough to subsume traditional heuristic functions as well as other forms of problem-solving knowledge, and to straddle disparate problem domains. Probabilistic heuristic estimates represent a probabilistic association of sensations with prior experience — specifically, a mapping from observations directly to subjective probabilities which enables the use of theoretically principled mechanisms for coherent inference and decision making during problem-solving. This paper discusses some of the implications of this theory, and describes its successful application in BPS.This research was made possible by support from Heuristicrats, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the Rand Corporation.     

人群头发元素分布及某些特征研究

本文介绍用堆中子活化分析法测定人群头发中I、Br、Mg、Mn、Cu、Na、V、Cl、Al、Ca、S等11种元素。研究人发中元素分布特征、相关性特征、性别年令分布特征。方法学中还从法庭科学应用角度介绍同一性识别中差异率和重合几率的双判据方法。     

固溶处理对电解制备的A356合金硅颗粒的影响

以电解低钛铝基合金为原料制备了A356合金,研究了在535℃下固溶处理时间对合金共晶硅相细化、球化和分布的影响.测量了硅颗粒的长径和短径,计算了颗粒的直径和长短径比值等参数,分析了上述参数随固溶时间的变化及其概率密度分布.实验结果表明:由该电解合金制备的A356合金经2～4 h的固溶处理,共晶硅就可得到较好的细化和球化效果,具有较高的分布集中度;A356合金的固溶处理时间可有效缩短.     

Factors Influencing Movements of Two Migratory Fishes within the Tailrace of a Large Neotropical Dam and their Implications for Hydropower Impacts

Fish attempting to move upstream through hydroelectric dams can be trapped and killed in turbines. Understanding fish movement patterns can provide useful insights for how to manage dam operations to minimize fish kill in turbines. We evaluated the movements of two migratory fish (Curimba—Prochilodus argenteus and Mandi—Pimelodus maculatus ) using acoustic telemetry in the tailrace of Três Marias Dam (São Francisco River, Brazil) from 31 October 2011 to 16 February 2012. The majority of tagged fish left the tailrace in less than one week; however, some individuals returned, performing several visits to the tailrace. Mandi remained longer in the tailrace than Curimba. The number of visits was influenced by diel period, turbine and spillway discharge. Although the diel period was the only important contributor to the visits performed by Curimba, the movements of Mandi were significantly influenced by three factors. We found that whereas Curimba was predominantly diurnal, Mandi showed nocturnal habits. Additionally, visits of Mandi were significantly greater during higher turbine and spillway discharge. We discuss the implications of these results for understanding fish movements in the Três Marias Dam tailrace and their potential implications for adapting hydroelectric operations to minimize fish kills. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

弯道岸坡上粗细泥沙统一起动流速公式

该文基于概率论与泥沙起动基本理论,考虑了起动概率、相对暴露度与细颗粒泥沙间黏结力和附加下压力对泥沙起动的影响,采用滑动起动模型,从理论上推导出了适用于弯道岸坡上粗、细泥沙颗粒起动的统一流速公式,完善了已有研究成果对泥沙起动概率考虑的不足。公式综合了弯道岸坡、顺直岸坡、正负坡及平坡等条件下粗细泥沙颗粒起动流速计算,可简化为各简单条件下泥沙起动流速公式。通过各简单条件下泥沙起动流速实测资料验证,该文公式与实测数据符合良好。