EC与~（99m）Tc－GH之间的配体交换反应动力学研究

实验表明，ＥＣ浓度与配体交换反应速度常数无关，体系的ｐＨ值对速度常数和９９ｍＴｃ－ＥＣ的标记率影响较大。测定并计算了不同ｐＨ值的交换反应速度常数。结果表明，为保证用配体交换法制备９９ｍｃ－ＥＣ时９９ｍｃ－ＥＣ的标记率大于９０％，体系的ｐＨ值必须≥８。     

非致命打击武器系统内弹道模拟研究

为了实现对非致命防暴武器发射能量的调节并控制其终点效能,解决"近处不敢打,远处打不到"的问题,提出了恒量动能非致命打击武器系统这一全新理论,在选用了两相流内弹道模型的基础上,采用四阶龙格库塔法,利用MATLAB语言仿真技术进行编程测试,对改进型18.4mm防暴枪的内弹道进行数值仿真,并将模拟结果与实验结果进行分析比对,验证了内弹道模型和仿真结果的正确性,得到了发射过程中,膛内火药燃烧及燃气流动状态的变化规律,弄清了泄气孔位置、气室容积以及泄气孔半径对弹丸初速的影响规律,为非致命防暴武器的进一步发展打下了坚实的基础。     

Kinetics of synthesis of Li4Ti5O12 through solid-solid reaction

1. Introduction The solid-solid reaction used in synthesizing various kinds of electrochemical materials has many advantages, such as simple process, without using solvent, saving energy, friendly to the environment and easy to obtain good quality materials like nano-size materials. Recently, the manufacturing of electrochemistry materials has been paid more atten- tion due to its increasing needs. Therefore it is a natural interest to study the synthesis of electro- chemical materials by usin…     

Application of an improved control-variate scheme to local neoclassical transport simulations

A new radially local neoclassical transport code is developed based on the radially global two-weight δf$\delta f$ Monte Carlo code, FORTEC-3D (Satake et al., 2008). In the collisional two-weight δf$\delta f$ method, the variance of weight increases in time due to the so-called weight spreading, which leads to an increasing numerical noise in long time simulations. A new improved control-variate scheme was proposed by Kleiber et al. (2011) to reduce the variance. We investigate the effectiveness and validity of the new control-variate scheme for a practical collisional transport problem in a plasma described by the drift kinetic equation. It is demonstrated that the new scheme reduces the variance of weight by approximately 75% in an axisymmetric magnetic field configuration. The burst-like behavior of a transport observable caused by a large numerical noise can be avoided. As a result, the time evolution of a transport observable can be successfully smoothed.     

新型层状表面相锆基固体酸催化酯化反应研究

将所研制的层状表面相锆基固体酸催化剂用于一元、二元醇醋酸酯和其他羧酸酯类产品的合成 ,考察了其催化性能。研究发现 :层状表面相锆基固体酸催化剂对所考察的酯化反应具有很好的普遍适用性 ,但其酯化率与醇的性质和结构密切有关。催化反应动力学研究表明乙酸与丁醇、戊醇、己醇的酯化反应均为二级反应 ,且反应活化能均较低 ,分别为 47 4kJ/mol、2 3 3kJ/mol和 19 8kJ/mo     

Coking kinetics of a Cr2O3/Al2O3 catalyst during 1-butene dehydrogenation: Effect of H2 partial pressure

The influence has been studied of the partial pressure of hydrogen (0–30 kPa) upon the coking rate of a Cr₂O₃/Al₂O₃ commercial catalyst during 1-butene dehydrogenation. Coke deposition has been analysed using a monolayer-multilayer reversible coke growth model (MMRC model). This model provides good fits to the experimental data, within the range of partial pressure of H₂ studied, and allows us to estimate the main kinetic parameters involved in the coking-deactivation process. The results obtained reveal a dual effect of hydrogen: competition against 1-butene for the active sites and the removal of coke precursors from the catalyst surface. Bom effects diminish the coking rate as the H₂ partial pressure is increased.     

泄水建筑物下游冲刷坑二维数值模拟

对巨亭水电站泄水建筑物下游局部冲刷过程进行了二维数值模拟。采用RNG k-ε湍流模型封闭N-S方程、有限体积法在计算网格上离散求解、VOF方法追踪自由水面;采用C语言编写用户自定义函数,以泥沙起动切应力作为床面泥沙起动判别标准,通过分析比较水流剪切力与泥沙起动切应力大小,用以控制冲刷坑底部边界变化;采用局部重构模型和弹簧光顺模型更新计算区域和网格质量,藉以模拟和追踪局部冲刷坑边界变化。研究表明,模拟结果与实测资料符合良好。在冲刷坑的冲刷过程中,床面剪切应力随着冲刷的进程急剧减小,湍动能随着冲刷的进程减小缓慢;床面剪切应力和湍动能沿程变化均较为剧烈,床面剪切应力沿程先增大后减小,床面湍动能则沿程减小。冲刷坑的纵向平衡形态或床面泥沙起动主要决定于床面剪切应力,床面湍动能对泥沙起动也具有重要影响。     

Thermo gravimetric analysis and morphological behavior of castor oil based polyurethane–polyester nonwoven fabric composites

Castor oil (CO) based polyurethane (PU)– polyester nonwoven fabric composites were fabricated by impregnating the polyester nonwoven fabric in a reactive composition containing CO and diisocyanate. Composites were fabricated with two different isocyanates such as toluene‐2, 4‐diisocyanate (TDI) and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) studies of the composites were performed to establish the thermal stability and their mode of thermal degradation. It was found that degradation of neat PU takes place in two steps and that of polyester nonwoven fabric reinforced PU composites takes place in three steps. From the TGA thermograms, a little improvement in thermal stability incase of polyester nonwoven fabric reinforced PU composites were noticed compared to unreinforced PUs. Degradation kinetic parameters were obtained for the composites using Broido, Coats and Redfern, and Horowitz and Metzger methods. Tensile fractured composite specimens were used to analyze the morphology of the composites by scanning electron microscopic technique. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007     

Specific features of thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate subjected to γ radiation

Results of studying thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) samples in the original form and after irradiation by γ-quanta of ⁶⁰Co by methods of differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic thermogravimetry with heating rates b = 0.1–0.3 K/sec are described. Irradiation is performed in air at a temperature of 298 ± 2 K and a dose rate of ≈0.2 Gy/sec in the range of absorbed doses D = 0–150 kGy. Preliminary irradiation is demonstrated to lead to substantial transformations of the pattern of thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate in the dynamic regime of heating: the single-stage process of decomposition of non-irradiated samples proceeding at b = 0.107 K/sec in the temperature range of 625 to 743 K is replaced by a multistage process. At D = 150 kGy, exothermal transformations accompanied by noticeable losses of sample mass are observed starting from 473 K. Within experimental errors, the total thermal effect of AP decomposition is found to be independent of the absorbed dose and amounts to −1150 kJ/kg on the average. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 43, No. 6, pp. 69–74, November–December, 2007.     

基于表面反应和扩散迁移控制的灰岩单裂隙渗流—溶解模型及其数值模拟

针对碳酸盐类可溶岩地区水电站坝址流场、化学场以及固相介质属性等随时间发生改变,从而对工程安全运行造成不利影响等问题,研究了灰岩地区地下水运移过程中各物理场间的相互作用,分析了影响灰岩溶解速率的两个因素,即表面反应控制和扩散迁移控制。在此基础上,建立了单裂隙中的渗流—溶解耦合模型,并进行数值求解。模拟结果表明,在垂直裂隙延伸方向,其溶蚀锋面为非齐整平面,而是呈似“虫洞”状非均一变化,而沿裂隙延伸方向即自上游侧向下游方向溶蚀程度逐渐减轻;而通过裂隙的流量呈现随时间逐渐增大的趋势,但变幅不大;根据流量求得的等效水力隙宽,其增幅和增长速率均小于实际平均隙宽;同时,化学场中Ca2+浓度的分布与裂隙开度变化具有相似性,不同时刻下上游侧反应速率R均大于下游侧。就反应机制而言,在初期均受表面反应控制,而随反应进行,位于上游补给区部位转为受扩散迁移控制,但在下游位置仍受表面反应控制。