基于表面活性剂的纳米包膜微泡超声造影剂

采用声空化的方法,以3种酯类表面活性剂作为微泡的纳米包膜材料进行了静脉注射微泡超声造影剂的制备研究,实验研究了超声功率与超声时间的选择、磷酸盐缓冲溶液pH值对微泡产量的影响、通气方式的选择、稀释液对微泡流动性的影响、振动对微泡的影响,研究了微泡的保存方式,并对制备出的微泡超声造影剂进行了体外及动物体内造影成像效果研究,给出了实验犬肾脏造影灌注的结果.     

超声造影早期评价HIFU治疗兔移植性骨肿瘤的初步研究

目的:观察兔VX2移植性骨肿瘤经高强度聚焦超声(High Intensity Focused Ultrasound,HIFU)治疗前后超声造影的图像变化,以评价高强度聚焦超声治疗骨肿瘤的疗效。方法:将VX2瘤块植入20只兔的右侧胫骨髓腔内,三周后进行HIFU治疗。治疗前后均推注超声微泡造影剂,对肿瘤治疗前后的超声造影图像进行比较。结果:治疗前超声造影显示,右侧胫骨髓内肿瘤快速、明显强化,与周边组织分界清楚,测得病灶平均大小为,上下径(17.614±0.955)mm,前后径(10.414±1.142)mm。治疗后造影,治疗区域显示为造影剂灌注缺损区,平均范围为上下径(8.010±0.584)mm,前后径(7.540±0.499)mm,未经治疗的肿瘤组织仍有超声造影剂灌注。结论:超声造影成像清楚地显示肿瘤范围以及治疗后灌注缺损区的大小,通过反映治疗后肿瘤的血供改变来评价HIFU治疗肿瘤的疗效。     

钼合金高温力学性能研究现状综述

这是一篇矿物加工工程领域的论文。河南某钼矿属矽卡岩型钼矿,粒度嵌布细、泥质矿物含量高,浮选回收率一直偏低。本文通过对矿石性质、生产现状进行系统分析,指出生产中存在的主要问题。为适应选矿厂4000 t/d扩能改造需要,并协同强化微细粒钼矿回收,结合旋流-静态微泡浮选柱的结构特征与分选优势,提出了增加1台旋流-静态微泡浮选柱的改造方案。研究表明该钼矿嵌布粒度微细,-0.038 mm和-0.020 mm辉钼矿分别占75.80%和38.68%;矿石中含有大量的绿帘石、蒙脱石、绿泥石等泥质矿物,部分坑口泥质矿物含量40%以上;现有浮选工艺对微细粒级回收差,尾矿中-0.020 mm粒级钼矿损失占比在50%以上。实验室浮选实验结果表明旋流-静态微泡浮选柱对总尾矿和粗选尾矿中的钼均具有良好的浮选回收效果,精矿富集比和钼回收率均明显优于浮选机。工程应用进一步表明：旋流-静态微泡浮选柱对现有充气式浮选柱起到“兜底”的作用,扩能后钼回收率提高4个百分点以上,显著降低了微细粒钼在尾矿中损失,经济效益显著。     

微气泡耦合生物反应器的研究进展

微气泡具有气液接触面积大、气体溶解速率快、上升速度慢和水中停留时间长等理化特征,非常适合于高气液传质效率需求的生物发酵过程。本文介绍了能够耦合生物反应器的几种微气泡发生装置,分别为微气泡分散器、微孔膜、流体振荡器耦合微孔膜和微气泡曝气搅拌桨;并简述了微气泡发生装置耦合搅拌式生物反应器、气升式生物反应器和生物膜反应器在生物反应过程的应用进展;最后回顾了二氧化碳微气泡在生物反应器的应用研究进展。指出微气泡耦合生物反应器的研究仍处于起步阶段,在放大规律和能耗方面仍处于研究空白。微气泡耦合生物反应器的发展对工业生物技术、石油化工、污水处理和资源再利用等的发展具有重要的意义。     

Ozone Microbubble Treatment at Various Water Temperatures for the Removal of Residual Pesticides with Negligible Effects on the Physical Properties of Lettuce and Cherry Tomatoes

In this study, the effects of ozone microbubbles (OMCB) treatment at various water temperatures on the removal of residual fenitrothion (FT) pesticides and on the physical properties of lettuce and cherry tomatoes was examined. The residual FT percentage in lettuce and cherry tomatoes was shown decreased by using higher water temperatures, particularly at 30 °C, resulting in a decrease within the range of 32% to 52%, after the 20‐min treatment. In addition, bubbling OMCB treatment did not alter the color and pulling strength of lettuce and cherry tomatoes. These results indicate that bubbling OMCB treatment at 30 °C is a highly effective method for the removal of FT residues in lettuce and cherry tomatoes, with relatively little effect on crop quality. Practical Application : The bubbling OMCB has a potential of reducing the FT reduces on vegetables with no adverse effect on the sensory quality of vegetables.     

三相旋流抛光磨粒运动的测量与微气泡补偿

研究了气液固三相旋流流场抛光机理和规律。设计了三入口的抛光加工流道,对气液固三相旋流抛光流场进行了数值模拟。基于模拟结果设计了气液固三相磨粒流旋流流场测量平台,并通过粒子图像测速法(PIV)测量了微气泡补偿条件下气液固三相旋流抛光的流场参数,获得了微气泡补偿区域流场的运动图像、速度矢量图和涡量图。PIV测量试验数据显示:在微气泡补偿区域,磨粒速度主要集中在30m/s到80m/s,同一测量点高速磨粒出现频率明显增加,少数磨粒速度达到100m/s以上;磨粒平均速度从33.8m/s增大到44.2m/s,经4h抛光后硅片表面最大粗糙度从10.4μm下降到1.3μm。理论和试验研究表明,气液固三相旋流抛光流场中微气泡溃灭引发的空化冲击效应可增大磨粒动能,提高抛光效率,实现B区域的均匀化抛光。     

气浮法处理含油污水研究概况

阐述了气浮技术在含油污水处理过程中的机理,比较了不同气浮法的原理和优缺点。介绍几种常用且有效的新型气浮设备,并对不同气浮设备进行比较和分析。同时讨论了气浮技术的影响因素,最后简述了未来气浮研究的方向。     

Numerical simulation of a self-absorbing microbubble generator for a cyclonic-static microbubble flotation column

The Cyclonic-Static Microbubble Flotation Column (FCSMC) is currently a widely used, novel type of flotation device. The self-absorbing microbubble generator is the core component of this device. The structure of the microbubble generator directly influences flotation column performance by affecting bubble size and distribution as well as gas holdup in the column. However, the complicated flow inside the generator results in high R&D costs and difficulty in testing. Thus, the CFD software, FLUENT, was used to simulate the gas-liquid two-phase flow inside a self-absorbing microbubble generator. The effect of area ratio, a key structural parameter, was studied in detail. Critical flow-field parameters including velocity, turbulent kinetic energy, minimum static pressure and gas holdup were obtained. The simulation results demonstrate that the optimum area ratio is 3.     

三相混合器内部流场的数值模拟

采用欧拉模型与群体平衡模型相结合的方法对三相混合器流场进行数值模拟,对比了未充气与充气条件下混合器速度场分布规律,分析了充气条件下流场中气泡分布特征。模拟结果表明:充气后对流场的强化提高了微气泡与粒子之间的碰撞聚并粘附效率。充气后流场中微气泡粒径大量分布于100~200 μm之间,并且出口气携率达到19.77%。较于传统的气浮技术,微气泡与粒子间碰撞几率更大、气泡直径小数量大、分布范围窄、粘附效果更好,因此气浮性能更佳。     

Application of colloidal gas aphrons for pollution remediation

Colloidal gas aphrons (CGAs), first described by Felix Sebba in his book Foams and Biliquid Foams—Aphrons in 1987, consist of a system of spherical microbubbles with diameters mostly above 25 µm and classified as kugelschaums (ball foam). They possess some colloidal properties and can be pumped at uniform rate through pipes and channels, much like liquids. Also, they have high stability due to very small size and thick surfactant shells. Research work published over the past two decades indicate effective applications of CGAs for clarification of particles and microorganisms, protein separation, gas and nutrient transfer and pollutant separation from water and soil matrices. In this review paper, the techniques for generating CGAs and their application to pollution abatement are discussed. Some mineral separation processes by CGA flotation have also been reviewed because of their relevance to contaminant removal processes. The CGAs were found to function on the principles of bubble entrained floc flotation, electrostatic and ionic interaction, diffusion of entrapped gas and hydrophobicity of the pollutant particles. Two tables have also been provided to present a comparative overview of the generation technologies and the effectiveness of pollution remediation techniques. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry