Decolourisation of aqueous dyes by sequential oxidation treatment with ozone and Fenton's reagent

Combined oxidation with ozone and Fenton's reagent (‘Fentozone’ process) for decolourisation of aqueous dyes was studied and compared with traditional Fenton's reagent. Although the ‘Fentozone’ process was found to be effective at a wide range of pH values, the maximum colour removal was achieved at pH 4. The effect of pre‐ozonation on colour removal efficiency of aqueous dyestuffs in the subsequent treatment with Fenton's reagent was investigated. The reaction kinetics using water‐soluble acid and reactive dyes were also studied. Our experimental results show that pre‐ozonation can considerably accelerate decomposition of dyestuffs in the subsequent treatment with Fenton's reagent. Different concentrations of ferrous sulfate were used to investigate their influences on the removal of colour. The rate of reaction increased with increasing doses of ferrous sulfate. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry     

净化湿法磷酸产品中硫含量偏高的原因分析及对策

简单介绍了湿法磷酸净化工艺,分析了用湿法磷酸净化工艺制得工业级磷酸中硫含量偏高的原因:①原料磷酸质量不稳定;②原料酸中固含量偏高;③磷酸预处理反应时间不足;④磷酸预处理反应温度偏低;⑤板框压滤机操作不当;⑥萃取控制不当。为此特增设了60 m3的原酸储槽,严格控制原酸流量为1.0 m3/h,反应温度60~70℃,同时加强了板框压滤机的操作及清洗等措施,使预处理工序的脱硫率达到88%以上,满足了预处理工序的脱硫要求。     

染料分散剂新原料-高沸醇木质素的研制

采用1，4-丁二醇水溶液为溶剂的高沸醇溶剂法，从松木，杉木，稻草等原料制备纤维素与高沸醇木质素。使用上述原料，在70%-90%1，4-丁二醇水溶液中添加少量催化剂。并在190℃-220℃条件下蒸煮1-3小时后，分离反应产物，得到固体纤维素与高沸醇木质素-丁二醇溶液，不溶于水的高沸醇木质素通过加水沉淀的方法。从反应后的液体混合物中分离。高沸醇木质素具有较高的反应活性。灰分含量很低。适于制备新型染料分散剂，有广泛应用前景。     

Mechanical properties and crosslink density of rare earth‐modified high‐abrasion furnace‐filled powdered natural rubber

High‐abrasion furnace‐filled powdered natural rubber [P(NR/HAF)] has more advantages than traditional HAF‐filled bale NR (NR/HAF) because of its better environmental performance and easier processing quality, but its lower mechanical properties are disadvantageous. To improve the mechanical properties, rare earth‐modified HAF‐filled powdered NR [P(NR/HAF‐Ln)] (Ln = Sm,La,Pr) was prepared by means of coacervation–coprecipitation, using rare earth‐modified HAF as separant and filler. The effect on mechanical properties of P(NR/HAF‐Ln) vulcanizate exerted by the emulsifier/HAF ratio, powdering temperature, Ln/HAF ratio and type of Ln, and HAF content were studied. The results indicated that when optimum formulation, the mechanical properties of P(NR/HAF‐Ln) vulcanizate were better than P(NR/HAF) vulcanizate. In addition, the relationship of the apparent crosslink density and HAF content of P(NR/HAF‐Ln), P(NR/HAF), NR/HAF vulcanizates was also investigated, along with their SEM microphotographs of tensile fracture surface, which indicated that the excellent mechanical properties of P(NR/HAF‐Ln) vulcanizate was attributed to correct amount of Ln that could increase crosslink density and reinforce the interface structure of NR matrix/HAF‐Ln particle. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 1755–1762, 2006     

一次烷基化分离法生产高纯度均三甲苯新工艺

研究开发了一次烷基化分离法生产高纯度均三甲苯新工艺,并对其进行了技术经济分析评价。生产实践表明,该工艺技术含量高,设备投资少,流程简单,容易操作,产品收率高,质量稳定,是理想的生产工艺。     

现有合成氨厂建设8万吨/年硫酸钾及4万吨/年纯碱装置的可行性

本文试图论述现有合成氨厂改变产品结构,采取以生产化肥为主,联产化工产品。通过对钾芒硝法工艺及联碱工艺技术路线的选择,技术经济分析,以期提高化肥厂的经济效益。     

吸附回收氯乙烯精馏尾气中高浓度氯乙烯新工艺

用活性炭纤维作吸附剂，吸附并回收氯乙烯精馏尾气中的氯乙烯。与传统的工艺相比，具有流程短、吸附回收效率高、运行稳定、自动化程度高、安全性能好、投资和运行费用低等优点。在天津大沽化工有限责任公司的实际运行表明，氯乙烯的回收率稳定在90％以上，收到了很好的经济效益和环境效益。     

优质饮用水直接进户试验研究

针对目前上海市自来水水质存在的不足,试验了三种水质深度处理工艺。试验证明,该三种工艺对浊度、色度、耗氧量、余氯、氨等指标均有明显的去除效果。在其它水质指标方面,符合建设部2002年“水质目标”及欧盟水质标准的要求,最后确定了一种工艺用于小区供水。     

重金属废水处理最新进展

详细论述了近年来一些处理重金属废水的新方法，并对各种方法进行了综合评述。这些新方法主要有：廉价吸附剂吸附、胶束增强超滤、络合—超滤耦合过程和电化学法。此外，将络合—超滤和电化学法集成起来处理重金属废水，可实现废水回用和重金属回收，因而具有广阔的应用前景。     

有机硅改性丙烯酸乳液性能的研究

采用含乙烯基官能团的有机硅单体与甲基丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸酯和丙烯酸羟基酯等单体通过种子乳液聚合方法进行共聚,合成了有机硅改性丙烯酸酯共聚乳液,考察了有机硅单体用量对乳液机械稳定性、热稳定性、电解质稳定性和冻融稳定性的影响,同时还考察了乳液胶膜的机械性能和吸水率改进。