钙钛矿型中温固体电解质La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O3-δ的制备

以硝酸盐为前驱体合成了具有钙钛矿结构的中温固体电解质La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O3-δ(LSGM)。用XRD和SEM分析了样品钙钛矿相的形成过程和显微结构,用直流四电极法测试了电解质的氧离子电导率。研究结果表明:经1 450℃煅烧6 h后得到LSGM单相结构,800℃时的电导率为6.8×10-2S.cm-1,高于同温下钇稳定氧化锆(YSZ)样品的电导率,表明LSGM更适合做中温固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)的电解质材料。     

Ammonium transformation in paddy soils affected by the presence of nitrate

Coupled nitrification and denitrification is considered as one of the main pathways of nitrogen losses in paddy soils. The effect of NO₃ ^– on NH₄ ⁺ transformation was investigated by using the ¹⁵N technique. The paddy soils were collected from Wuxi (soil pH 5.84) and Yingtan (soil pH 5.02), China. The soils were added with either urea (18.57 mol urea-N enriched with 60 atom% ¹⁵N excess) plus 2.14 mol KNO₃-N (natural abundance) per gram soil (U+NO₃) or urea alone (U). The KNO₃ was added 6 days after urea addition. The incubation was carried out under flooded condition in either air or N₂ gas headspace at 25°C. The results showed that in air headspace, ¹⁵NH₄ ⁺ oxidization was so fast that about 10% and 8% of added ¹⁵N in the treatment U could be oxidized during the incubation period of 73 hours after KNO₃ addition in Wuxi and Yingtan soil, respectively. The addition of KNO₃ significantly inhibited ¹⁵NH₄ ⁺ oxidation (p<0.01) in air headspace, while it stimulated ¹⁵NH₄ ⁺ oxidation in N₂ gas headspace, although the oxidation was depressed by the N₂ gas headspace itself. Therefore, the accumulation of NO₃ ^– would inhibit further nitrification of NH₄ ⁺ at micro-aerobic sites in paddy soils, especially in paddy soils with a low denitrification rate. On the other hand, NO₃ ^– would lead to oxidation of NH₄ ⁺in anaerobic bulk soils.     

固态配料和硝酸盐共沉淀配料制备Bi(Pb)—Sr—Ca—Cu—O系高温超导相的工艺比较

用固态配料和硝酸盐共沉淀配料制备了各组份为(Bi_(1.85)Pb_(0.40))Sr_(1.95)Ca_(2.05)Cu_(8.10)的超导材料,研究了两种不同制备工艺对Bi系超导相形成过程、超导电磁性能和显微结构的影响.实验发现,由共沉淀制备的样品T_(c(zero))稳定性好,T_(c(zero))均在107.5K以上.SEM观察表明:共沉淀法制备的样品中超导相颗粒比固态配料制备的要细小、均匀,颗粒间连结紧密,与T_(c(zero))结果相符.但XRD相分析结果显示:固态配料样品中高温相含量高于共沉淀配料,共沉淀配料制备作品中高、低温相同时存在,但其交流磁化率—温度曲线上仅在120K附近出现相应于高温相的抗磁信号.研究认为,这是由于共沉淀配料烧成时,高温相容易在部分液相参与下,在低温相表面通过反应成核生长,导致在形成的高温相内部包裹有残余低温相的“内芯”.依此包裹模型可自洽地解释X射线相分析与电、磁性能测定结果间的矛盾,讨论了Bi系高温相的形成机理,为选择合理的制备工艺提供了依据.     

Synthesis of Biodiesel from Soybean Oil using Heterogeneous KF/ZnO Catalyst

Biodiesel was produced by transesterification of soybean oil with methanol using ZnO loaded with KF as a solid base catalyst. It was found that the catalyst with 15 wt.% KF loading and calcined at 873 K showed the optimum activity. XRD, IR and Hammett indicator method were employed for the catalyst characterization. The results showed the activity of the catalysts was correlated with their basicity. The influence of various reaction variables on the conversion was also discussed.     

Enzymatic alcoholysis reaction of soy phospholipids

Lipase-catalyzed alcoholysis of soy phospholipids was investigated to simultaneously make lysophospholipids and fatty acid esters of individual alcohols. Alcoholysis was carried out by stirring a mixture of soy phospholipids and individual alcohols in equimolar proportions with 10% (by weight of reactants) Mucor miehei lipase at 55°C for 24 h. The products were isolated by column chromatography after removal of the lipase. Lysophospholipids (in 69–78% molar yield) were obtained from soy phospholipids, and the yield of esters of various alcohols also conformed nearly with theoretical yields.     

麝香草酚和二磺酸酚分光光度法测定NO-3-N的比较

文章对两种测定NO3^-－N的方法从灵敏度、去Cl^-、NO2^-的干扰能力及实际操作作了比较，并提出了用麝香草酚测定NO3^--N应注意事项。     

羰基化法合成氨基甲酸酯催化剂的研究进展

对氧化羰基化法、还原羰基化法及氧化还原羰基化法3种羰基化合成氨基甲酸酯方法中催化剂的研究进展进行了综述,其中着重讨论了各种配体及助剂对催化剂活性的影响。指出今后的研究应集中在寻找高效、价廉及可重复使用的催化体系或对高效的均相催化体系进行负载化以及研究多相催化体系的催化机理。     

Self-emulsifiable soybean oil phosphate ester polyols for low-VOC corrosion resistant coatings

A series of soybean oil phosphate ester polyols (SOPEP) was prepared by reaction of fully epoxidized soybean oil with phosphoric acid and simultanoeous hydrolysis in the presence of a polar solvent. The polyols were characterized by determination of acid value, oxirane number, hydroxyl value, molecular weight (GPC), and FTIR spectra. These polyols with varying amounts of acid phosphate groups could be self-emulsified to form aqueous dispersions after neutralization with organic base. These aqueous dispersion showed varying degrees of stability and their appearance ranged from opaque dispersions to translucent to clear solutions. Waterborne coating compositions were prepared using these aqueous dispersions as principal components and their thermally cured film properties were studied. it was found that by careful selection and formulation, SOPEPs can be successfully used for low-VOC waterborne coating formulations. SOPEPs with 3.5% phosphate ester content showed visibly superior corrosion resistance properties.     

营养条件对产烃葡萄藻生长的影响

在摇瓶培养中考察了无机碳源、氮源、磷源和NaF等营养成份对产烃葡萄藻(Botry℃℃cus braunii)生长的影响. 结果表明：与仅利用空气中的CO2作为碳源相比，以NaHCO3或CO2加富空气补碳，比生长速率从0.0535 d-1分别增大至0.0589和0.0949 d-1，代时从5.6 d分别缩短至5.1和3.2 d，最大放氧速率分别提高了2.3和5倍；在一定范围内增大KNO3起始浓度能提高葡萄藻的生长速率，延长对数生长期；磷源对葡萄藻生长的影响十分显著，在0~160 mg/L范围内，增大K2HPO4浓度，葡萄藻生长明显加快；适量NaF能促进葡萄藻的光合作用和呼吸作用，从而加快葡萄藻的生长，其最适浓度为0.84 mg/L.     

Transient testing of soy methyl ester fuels in an indirect injection,compression ignition engine

An evaluation of the exhaust emissions from a compression ignition engine for fuels composed of 100 and 30% methyl esters of soy oil (SME) is described. These fuels were compared with a low-sulfur, petroleum #2 diesel fuel in a Caterpillar 3304, prechamber, 75 kW diesel engine, operated over heavy- and light-duty transient test cycles developed by the United States Bureau of Mines. More than 60 h of testing was performed on each fuel. The objective was to determine the influence of the fuels upon diesel particulate matter (DPM) and gaseous emissions. The effect of a modern diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) also was determined in an effort to minimize emissions. Neat SME produced a higher volatile fraction of the DPM, but much less carbon soot fraction, leading to overall DPM reductions of 23 to 30% for the light- and heavy-duty transients. The DOC further reduced the volatile fraction and the total DPM. The SME fuel reduced gaseous emissions of CO by 23% and hydrocarbons by over 30% without increasing NO_x. The DOC further reduced CO and hydrocarbon levels. Mutagenicity of the SME exhaust was low. Results indicate that SME fuel, used with a proper DOC, may be a feasible emission reduction technology for underground mines. References to specific products do not imply endorsement by the U.S. Bureau of Mines, a now defunct agency.