相转移催化还原法制备5—氯—2—氧化吲哚

报道了５－氯吲哚醌在聚乙二醇或二缩乙二醇相转移催化下的Ｗｏｌｆｆ－Ｋｉｓｈｎｅｒ还原制备５－氯－２－氧化吲哚的方法，在最佳反应条件下产率９２％，产物结构经ＩＲ和＾１ＨＮＭＲ确证。     

应用电导探针测定固－液两相流的局部速度

研制了用于测定固－液两相流液相局部速度的双电极电导探针，并在０．７５ｍ×０．７５ｍ×１ｍ方形固－液搅拌槽内测定了叶轮排出流区的速度分布。     

石蜡沉积对储层渗透率的影响研究

油气开采过程中的蜡质、沥青质等有机固相沉积。严重影响着油田的正常生产。固相沉积物不仅堵塞油井、输油管线,而且也给油藏多孔介质造成一系列的伤害。如堵塞油藏孔隙、降低孔隙度和渗透率,改变油藏岩石的润湿性,从而影响原油采收率的提高。本文采用热力学理论建立了液固两相相平衡方程,模拟计算石蜡沉积量对储层孔隙度和渗透率影响,进而求出对油井产能的影响。     

电气绝缘材料的性能与发展

本文介绍了常用的固体绝缘材料的性能与作用，阐述固体绝缘材料的发展趋势。     

Building a research network to better understand climate governance in the Great Lakes

Climate-driven disturbances threaten the sustainability of coastal communities in the Great Lakes Basin. Because such disturbances are unpredictable, their magnitude, number and intensity are changing, and they occur at varying temporal and spatial scales. Consequently, communities struggle to respond in effective ways. The expected intensification of climate-driven disturbances will require that community capacity and governance structures match the spatial and temporal scales of these disturbances, as the most sustainable social and economic systems will be those that can respond at similar frequencies to key natural system drivers. The Climate Governance Variability in the Great Lakes Research Coordination Network (CGVG-RCN) was recently established to address questions about the relationship between climate-driven disturbances and community response. The objective of this short communication is to introduce the ideas behind the CGVG-RCN, outline its goals, and facilitate engagements and collaboration with social and natural scientists interested in social-ecological systems in the Great Lakes Basin.     

变化环境下“中华水塔”水资源及产流规律变化分析研究

受全球气候变暖的影响,“中华水塔”地区正面临着以“变暖变湿”为主的气候变化。受气候及下垫面条件的综合影响,区域水资源显著增加,各流域产流机理在空间上呈现出明显的地区差异特征。基于“中华水塔”区域1956—2020年水文气象资料,通过趋势、突变、距平等分析方法,分析其水文要素和产流规律的变化趋势、特征及相互之间影响关系。结果表明：近年来“中华水塔”区域气温显著升高,蒸发能力总体增强,区域进入丰水期,降水、径流显著增加,在同等降水径流尺度下,黄河源区产流能力有所降低,长江、澜沧江源区产流能力明显增强;气温升高、降水量持续偏丰以及流域前期影响雨量（蓄水量）增加、枯季径流比例提高、下垫面生态持水能力增强是引起区域产流规律变化、水资源量增加的主要原因。     

Climate change impact on water quality in the integrated Mahabad Dam watershed-reservoir system

Climate change, besides global warming, is expected to intensify the hydrological cycle, which can impact watershed nutrient yields and affect water quality in the receiving water bodies. The Mahabad Dam Reservoir in northwest Iran is a eutrophic reservoir due to excessive watershed nutrient input, which could be exacerbated due to climate change. In this regard, a holistic approach was employed by linking a climate model (CanESM2), watershed-scale model (SWAT), and reservoir water quality model (CE-QUAL-W2). The triple model investigates the cumulative climate change effects on hydrological parameters, watershed yields, and the reservoir’s water quality. The SDSM model downscaled the output of the climate model under moderate (RCP4.5) and extreme (RCP8.5) scenarios for the periods of 2021–2040 and 2041–2060. The impact of future climate conditions was investigated on the watershed runoff and total phosphorus (TP) load, and consequently, water quality status in the dam’s reservoir. The results of comparing future conditions (2021–2060) with observed present values under moderate to extreme climate scenarios showed a 4–7% temperature increase and a 6–11% precipitation decrease. Moreover, the SWAT model showed a 9–16% decline in streamflow and a 12–18% decline in the watershed TP load for the same comparative period. Finally, CE-QUAL-W2 model results showed a 3–8% increase in the reservoir water temperature and a 10–16% increase in TP concentration. It indicates that climate change would intensify the thermal stratification and eutrophication level in the reservoir, especially during the year’s warm months. This finding specifies an alarming condition that demands serious preventive and corrective measures.     

相转移催化合成蔗糖硬脂酸酯

采用相转移催化的基本原理和方法合成蔗糖硬脂酸酯,考察了反应时间、反应温度、原料的不同配比和催化剂用量对蔗糖硬脂酸酯产率的影响,得出反应时间为3 h,反应温度为95-100℃、硬脂酸甲酯与蔗糖的摩尔比为1:2.5,硬脂酸甲酯与PTC之比为1:0.07时为最佳配比。     

有机硅在皮革化工材料中的应用

综述了有机硅化合物在合成和改性皮革加脂材料、皮革涂饰材料和功能性皮革助剂中的研究与应用情况，讨论了有机硅化合物在改善上述皮革化工材料性能方面的作用以及所赋予这些产品的优良性能。同时介绍了有机硅化合物合成和改性这些皮革化学品的主要方法和合成路线，提出了有机硅化合物在皮革化工材料开发和应用中的发展方向。     

刚玉瓷指痕缺陷的研究

本文采用两种不同Al2O3粉为原料，结合Al2O3预烧与材料的生产工艺，对刚玉瓷的指痕缺陷及其对材料性能的影响进行了研究。结果发现：Al2O3粉预烧温度不匀时，部分颗粒（γ-Al2O3）周边存在层错缺陷，激活能的存在，人体中颗粒粘连（团聚）；该团聚体在坯体及烧结体中的残留直接引起烧结体中的结构缺陷，由Al2O3预烧温度高且均匀的粉体制备材料，才能获得具有优良性能的刚玉体。