基于EDEM的翻板冷却器布料器布料效果的离散元仿真优化

翻板冷却器是一种采用逆流冷却原理的立式冷却设备。为解决翻板冷却器布料不均的问题,更好地适应多形态、多物状的物料,基于EDEM软件,针对以大豆颗粒为代表的颗粒料和以大豆低温粕为代表的粕粉料,对翻板冷却器布料器的布料情况进行了离散元仿真。通过中心组合试验回归分析的方法,以颗粒分布离散率为响应值,对撒料盘与铅锤面的倾斜夹角(简称“撒料倾角”)和转轴转速进行了优化,并将优化结果应用于检疫性大豆灭活工艺冷却工段的翻板冷却器布料器。结果表明：物料类型为以大豆颗粒为代表的颗粒料时,撒料倾角为53.59°、转轴转速为45.91 r/min时布料效果最优,颗粒分布离散率为2.44%;物料类型为以大豆低温粕为代表的粕粉料时,撒料倾角为49.02°、转轴转速为46.45 r/min时布料效果最优,颗粒分布离散率为2.99%。实际工程应用结果表明,大豆颗粒布料总体均匀,冷却情况较好。综上,基于EDEM对翻板冷却器布料器的布料效果进行优化具有可行性和有效性。     

海藻糖添加量对糯米粉理化性质影响研究

研究海藻糖添加量对糯米粉糊化特性、冻融稳定性、高温持水能力等理化性质的影响。结果表明,随海藻糖添加量的增加,糯米粉糊化温度升高,峰值黏度、谷值黏度、最终黏度先增大后减小,在添加量为1.0%时达到最大值,热稳定性先增强后减弱,在海藻糖添加量为1.5%时最强,凝胶性逐渐降低;透明度先减小后增大,最终趋于稳定,在海藻糖添加量为1.0%时呈最小值,且常温下粉糊的透明度大于4℃下粉糊的透明度;冻融稳定性逐渐增强;沉降性逐渐减弱;高温持水能力逐渐增强,后趋于稳定。     

Quantification of powder holdups in the presence of a cavity with lateral gas–powder injection in a packed bed

The lateral flow of gas–powder through a packed bed in a cold model is studied to understand the flow and holdup behaviour of powder in the presence of a cavity, nozzle (tuyere) protrusion, and decreasing gas condition, a system used in the ironmaking blast furnace. Experiments conducted in the current study included a two-dimensional (2D) slot-type packed bed. A previously published mass balance and elutriation velocity concept formed the basis for accurately quantifying the static and dynamic powder holdups. Experiments conducted under different conditions such as powder size and flux, gas flow rate, and packed particle density and size resulted in quantifying the powder holdups. The pressure drop in both horizontal and vertical directions is studied in all two-phase flow experiments. The formation of the static holdup with time in the packed bed is studied. The reproducibility of the experiments was confirmed. The static holdup inside the packed bed at various locations along the vertical direction (i.e., height) is also quantified. The static holdup correlation developed based on experimental data resulted in a 95% confidence interval. Static powder holdup increases with a decrease in the superficial gas velocity, an increase in the size of the powder particle, and powder flux. Dynamic holdup also showed a similar trend.     

石灰反应活性对漂粉精生产的影响

本文介绍了生产漂粉精的主要原因石灰的反应活性对生产的重要影响,包括过程控制、原料消耗和产品质量等。     

利用钛白废酸制高纯度磷酸一铵试验简介

试验表明,用钛白粉生产中副产的w(H2SO4)≈20%的钛白废酸,经浓缩、净化及再稀释后与磷矿粉反应,在加入净化添加剂的条件下制得纯净的湿法磷酸与氨或碳酸氢铵反应,可代替热法磷酸为原料生产相同质量的高纯度磷酸一铵。分析了该工艺的技术可行性和经济可行性,认为所得的纯净磷酸也可加工成其他高纯度磷化工产品。     

非晶态Ni(OH)2电极材料的制备工艺

采用微乳液快速冷冻沉淀法制备非晶态Ni(OH)2. 通过单因素及正交实验研究反应体系的pH值、反应温度和时间等因素对制备的非晶态Ni(OH)2电化学性能的影响. 结果表明,主要影响因素为pH值,其次为反应温度和时间. 采用TX-100/正丁醇/环己烷/水体系,控制TX-100与正丁醇的体积比为1:15,W值(水与表面活性剂质量比)为15.1,pH为12,反应时间2 h,反应温度55℃的条件下进行反应,放入0~5℃的超低温恒温槽中快速冷冻沉淀,合成出Ni(OH)2非晶相粉体电极活性材料,该材料的放电比容量达333.22 mA×h/g,具有较高的电化学容量. 初步探讨了微乳液快速冷冻沉淀法制备非晶态Ni(OH)2粉体的作用机理.     

塑料异型材口模构型要素对挤出形变的影响

塑料异型材的挤出胀大及其引起的不规则挤出形变,是异型材挤出制品尺寸控制的难点所在。针对此类问题,采用有限元方法研究了典型异型材口模构型要素如T型口模分支立臂位置、90°夹角L型口模过渡区域转角、L型口模两臂夹角等对挤出形变和模流平衡的影响。结果表明,随T型口模分支立臂由挤出中心位置向右偏移,挤出后的型材挤出中心位置发生偏移,立臂顶端向右上变形,从而使得挤出形变加剧,需要在模具设计时将立臂顶端向挤出中心方向进行补偿。在90°夹角L型口模内外转角处设置过渡圆角,有助于模具出口处的模流平衡。L型异型材两臂夹角在挤出后变大,且初始设计夹角为60°和90°时变化较大,需要根据相关实验找出其初始设计夹角与挤出后的实际夹角对应关系,以便在模具设计过程中进行参照。上述研究结果对逆向挤出问题的求解、异型材挤出模具的设计和口模构型的确定有着一定的参考意义。     

陶瓷部件挤出成型工艺

本文以蜂窝陶瓷生产工艺为例，讨论了陶瓷部件挤出成型过程中，塑性泥料的制备、成型、干燥和烧成等工艺技术和装备问题。     

Improving Properties of Poly(vinylidene fluoride) by Adding Expanded Graphite without Surface Modification via Water‐Assisted Mixing Extrusion

Expanded graphite (EG) is introduced into poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) by melt mixing extrusion with water injection. The results demonstrate that the unfunctionalized EG in composite prepared with water injection exbibits better dispersion than that in the one prepared without water injection due to the promoting role of water during extrusion. Thus, the PVDF/EG composite with loading of 4 wt% prepared by water‐assisted mixing extrusion (WAME) exhibits electrical conductivity of about three orders of magnitude higher than the neat PVDF and one order of magnitude higher than the one prepared without water injection. Comparing to the neat PVDF, the thermal conductivity of the composites prepared with and without water injection is increased by 101.5% and 75.0%, respectively. The introduced EG leads to increased Young’s modulus and tensile strength especially for the composite prepared by WAME. The present work indicates that WAME can promote the dispersion of EG in PVDF matrix without any extra functionalization.     

木粉和抗氧剂对废旧PE-HD/沙柳复合材料性能的影响

以沙柳木粉和废旧高密度聚乙烯（PE-HD）为原料,采用模压法制备了木塑复合材料（WPC）。考查了沙柳木粉和抗氧剂对WPC性能的影响。结果表明,沙柳木粉加入量为0~70 %（质量分数,下同）时,WPC的静曲强度呈先上升后下降的趋势,弹性模量和拉伸强度分别呈上升和下降的趋势;沙柳木粉降低了WPC的热稳定性,使热分解起始温度降低;随加入量的增加,WPC的储能模量（E′）和损耗模量（E″）曲线均呈上升趋势,损耗因子（tanδ）曲线呈下降趋势,E″曲线内耗峰的位置向高温方向移动;抗氧剂1010加入量为0~0.5 %时,WPC的静曲强度、弹性模量和拉伸强度均呈不同程度的先上升后下降的趋势;当抗氧剂加入量为0.2 %和0.3 %时,E′和E″相对较高。