高性能纤维材料在警用装备领域的应用

结合几种典型高性能纤维及其性能,简述了高性能纤维在警用装备上的应用.     

异形截面SiC陶瓷纤维的制备工艺与性能研究进展

异形纤维是指截面为非圆形的纤维,由于异形截面SiC纤维具有特殊的电磁性能,已受到研究者的广泛重视。从熔融纺丝成型和化学成型两方面综述了近年来C形、中空形、三叶形、条形、十字形等异形截面SiC陶瓷纤维的制备方法与性能,概述了部分异形纤维的应用进展,针对目前异形截面SiC纤维的制备方法存在的不足,对后续发展方向作了展望。     

Large-scale fabrication of bioinspired fibers for directional water collection

Spider-silk inspired functional fibers with periodic spindle-knots and the ability to collect water in a directional manner are fabricated on a large scale using a fluid coating method. The fabrication process is investigated in detail, considering factors like the fiber-drawing velocity, solution viscosity, and surface tension. These bioinspired fibers are inexpensive and durable, which makes it possible to collect water from fog in a similar manner to a spider's web.     

相容剂对长玻纤增强热塑性聚氨酯弹性体/聚乳酸复合材料性能的影响

采用熔体浸渍工艺制备长玻纤增强热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(TPU)/聚乳酸(PLA)复合材料;以苯乙烯-丙烯腈接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(SAG)作为相容剂,热塑性弹性体聚氨酯作为增韧剂,聚乳酸为基体树脂,考察苯乙烯-丙烯腈接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯用量对长玻璃纤维增强聚TPU/PLA复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,加入苯乙烯-丙烯腈接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯能改善长玻璃纤维增强聚TPU/PLA复合材料的相容性;长玻璃纤维增强聚TPU/PLA复合材料的拉伸强度、缺口冲击强度、弯曲强度和模量等力学性能及储能模量随着苯乙烯-丙烯腈接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯用量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势,而长玻璃纤维增强聚TPU/PLA复合材料的损耗因子则随苯乙烯-丙烯腈接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯含量的增加呈现降低后增加的趋势;通过复合材料的形态分析表明,加入相容剂的复合材料中玻璃纤维与基体树脂界面强度增加,且玻璃纤维表面有一层包覆的树脂基体;通过分析得出,当相容剂添加量为6%时,长玻璃纤维增强聚TPU/PLA复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和模量、缺口冲击强度等力学性能最优。     

Microstructure characterization of CVI-densified carbon/carbon composites with various fiber distributions

Mechanical behavior of multi-phase composites is crucially influenced by volume fractions, orientation distributions and geometries of microconstituents. In the case of carbon–carbon composites manufactured by chemical vapor infiltration, the microconstituents are carbon fibers, pyrolytic carbon matrix, and pores. The local variable thickness of the pyrolytic carbon coating, distribution of the fibers and porosity are the main factors influencing the properties of these materials. Two types of fiber arrangements are considered in this paper: 2D laminated preform and random felt. The materials are characterized by determining their densities and their fiber distribution functions, by establishing types of pyrolytic carbon matrix present in the composites, and by studying the porosity. A technique utilizing X-ray computed tomography for estimation of the orientation distribution of the fibers and pores with arbitrary shapes is developed. A methodology based on the processing of microstructure images with subsequent numerical simulation of the coating growth around the fibers is proposed for estimation of the local thickness of the coating. The obtained information is appropriate for micromechanical modeling and prediction of the overall thermo-mechanical properties of the studied composites.     

影响黏性土表面干缩裂缝结构形态的因素及定量分析

本文在室内试验的基础上,采用计算机图片处理技术,在对不同黏土厚度、干湿循环次数和土质成分等条件下黏性土干缩裂缝网络进行对比和定量分析的基础上,探讨了聚丙烯纤维对黏性土干缩裂缝的抑制作用和机理。结果表明,土层厚度、干湿循环次数和土质成分对裂缝网络的节点个数、裂缝条数、裂缝长度和宽度、块区个数、块区面积、裂缝率和裂缝网络的分形维数等定量参数均有一定的影响;裂缝网络的节点个数、块区个数和裂缝率是描述其形态结构和几何特征的基本指标;在黏性土中加入适量的聚丙烯纤维能够改变干缩裂缝的发展规律,降低土体的裂隙率,提高土体结构物的稳定性和防渗性能。     

初始啁啾对皮秒脉冲孤子效应压缩的影响

在无损耗情况下,用分步傅立叶方法数值模拟皮秒脉冲在单模光纤中的传输,计算和分析了初始啁啾对皮秒脉冲的孤子效应压缩的影响,通过分析脉冲压缩比,最佳光纤长度,初始峰值功率和压缩质量的变化,得出了一些有意义的结论。     

基于空芯带隙型光子晶体光纤的单端置入式同源甲烷检测仪

为了提高复杂环境中甲烷气体探测的适用性,选择空芯带隙型光子晶体光纤(单端镀全反膜)作为光学气室,实现了置入式同源甲烷浓度的探测。采用可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱(TDLAS)技术,结合长度为0.5 m的空芯带隙型光子晶体光纤,实现了甲烷气体的在线测量,系统的检测下限可达到1.92×10^-5,稳定性波动小于±2.18%。单端全反射设计配合同源探测方式使复杂环境中的甲烷浓度的置入式探测成为可能,为单光源分布式探测提供了研究基础。     

基于光子晶体光纤的光学传感

光子晶体光纤(PCFs)的应用在很多方面改善了传统光纤传感器的性能.基于 PCFs的光纤传感器对应力和液体折射率具有较高的传感精度以及更好的温度特性,并且可以灵活引入各种耦合结构单元组成干涉仪,介绍了基于光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)、长周期光栅(LPG)和干涉仪的PCFs传感器的基本构造、工作原理和最新的研究进展.