基于在线预警探测系统的反应热失控判据研究

反应热失控是引发反应风险的主要因素。确保在线预警探测系统的可靠灵敏性,根据系统反应状态及时准确的预测反应热失控,是预防反应事故又一道防线;失控判据是发展在线预警探测系统的瓶颈。系统概述了在线预警探测系统反应热失控判据及其应用现状,包括限值检查判据、热平衡判据、基于模型的方法、散度判据和神经网络方法,分析比较了各种方法的优缺点,并对在线预警系统判据未来的发展给与展望。     

永磁同步电机优化模型预测双转矩控制

针对永磁同步电机模型预测转矩控制计算量大、权重系数难以确定和转矩脉动大的问题,提出优化模型预测双转矩控制方法。该方法用有功转矩和无功转矩双转矩代替磁链和转矩的代价函数,从而简化系统结构。构建具有预测-校正功能的补偿函数,对补偿函数进行校正,降低延时问题产生的影响。在此基础上,加入扇区判断环节,将待选电压从8个减为3个,大大减少计算量。仿真结果表明:优化模型预测双转矩控制方法转矩脉动更低、计算量更小、动态响应更快。     

Analysis of pulsed microwave processing of polymer slabs supported with ceramic plates

A detailed theoretical analysis has been carried out to study the role of ceramic supports (alumina and SiC) and pulsed microwave heating of polymer (Natural Rubber, NR, and Nylon 66) slabs due to various distributions of microwave incidences. Ceramic plates are typical representations as they withstand high temperature without any deformation. It is found that ceramic plates influence the heating processes significantly and local hot spots within samples are governed by specific type of ceramic plates for various sample thicknesses and distributions of microwave incidence (one side or both sides). Optimized pulsing of microwave incidence has been employed to minimize the thermal runaway or hot spots in order to achieve uniform temperature distribution and pulsing is introduced based on two parameters: setpoint (ΔT_S) and on-off constraint (T^′). Detailed spatial distributions of power and temperature are illustrated for a few representative length scales to demonstrate the role of local maxima in power and temperature on heating rate as well as thermal runaway with or without pulsing. Pulsing ratio (PR) has been defined as PR=t_off/t_p, where t_off is power-off time and t_p is the total processing time such that smaller PR denotes large processing rates. It is found that one side incidence gives smaller values of PR for both the ceramic plates whereas SiC plate may be suitable for both sides incidence with large sample thicknesses of NR samples. It is also found that larger values of setpoints also minimize PR. The setpoints along with the on-off constraint play critical role to select the heating strategy as a function of ceramic plates and types of incidence. Pulsing may not be important for smaller thicknesses of Nylon samples and SiC or alumina plates may be recommended for processing larger thicknesses of Nylon samples in presence of pulsing. Current study recommends the efficient microwave heating methodologies for polymer processing attached with ceramic plates by means of optimized pulsing for the first time.     

基于模糊层次分析法的数控机床设备优化选择

数控机床设备的选择是一个具有多层次、多因素且定量与定性指标并存的选择问题,考虑到决策者决策的模糊性,提出一种基于模糊层次分析法( fuzzy analytic hierarchy process,FAHP)的多目标决策问题的解决方案。从质量属性、经济属性、环境属性、人机属性四个方面建立指标评价体系,根据指标权重、指标值得分和可行性方案得分确定最优方案。最后通过一个实例分析表明FAHP在数控机床设备选择中的优越性。     

Safety aspects in modelling and operating of batch and semibatch stirred tank chemical reactors

Safety aspects in modelling of batch and semibatch stirred tank reactors as well as a model based safety analysis have been considered. Applicability of two basic types of models – i.e. the perfectly mixed reactor model and the CFD model, both formulated for laboratory scale as well as pilot plant scale reactors – has been discussed. A formulation of the appropriate reactor model, which is adequate to the considered case study has been demonstrated and tested experimentally. Particular attention has been devoted to the formulation of robust CFD models employed to simulate a performance of the stirred tank reactors. It has been found that models for perfectly mixed reactors may have quite wide range of application, while the CFD models should be definitely used in case of fast reactions, high viscosity of the reacting mixture as well as of failure leading to stopping of the impeller. The CFD models are able to predict a dynamic behaviour of reactors at any circumstances, so they can play a significant role in safety analysis carried out for industrial scale reactors, for which experimental safety tests are expensive and dangerous.     

热轧带钢生产线板形质量异议分析与对策

分析了涟钢CSP、2250mm生产线板形质量异议数据,通过将市场反馈数据与在线数据进行对比,找出板形质量异议存在的共性原因.根据板形质量异议的特点,通过平整工艺制度优化、辊型优化设计、板形控制模型参数调整、板形目标值修改、板形质量预判定、轧制工艺规范完善等方法,减少了板形质量异议发生的风险.通过在现场进行了一年多的质量异议分析及方案运行,热连轧机组板形质量异议半年周期内同比下降39.69％.     

短周期螺柱焊在线分析系统

短周期电弧螺柱焊生产效率高,易于实现自动化,广泛应用于汽车工业。开发了由信号采集单元和分析软件构成的短周期螺柱焊在线分析系统。信号采集单元包含PIC18F4580单片机、电源、信号调理、外部存储器和RS485通信等电路,通过焊接状态判断、AD采样、数据存储和通信等程序,实现焊接电流和电压采集、存储和传输。分析软件采用Microsoft Visual Studio C#编写,操作界面由主窗口、焊接过程分析窗口、熔深阈值设置窗口和报警窗口等构成。DP600镀锌钢板焊接试验表明,开发的短周期螺柱焊分析系统能实时显示焊接电流和电压波形,提取焊接参数特征值,判断电弧的稳定性,熔深计算值与实测值相吻合,在线检测结论与外观目检、宏观检测和扭矩测试的结论一致。系统收集的原始数据可用于分析引起质量问题的具体原因。     

化学反应失控的紧急泄放

介绍了６０ 年代以来化学反应失控紧急泄放的研究状况,着重从研究方法、设计模型和实验方法等方面,对现有研究成果进行了评述。     

Univariate and default standard unit biases in estimation of body weight and caloric content.

College students estimated the weight of adult women from either photographs or a live presentation by a set of models and estimated the calories in 1 of 2 actual meals. The 2 meals had the same items, but 1 had larger portion sizes than the other. The results suggest: (a) Judgments are biased toward transforming the example in question to the size and/or properties of a “standard” unit. For estimates of body weight, students assigned weights assuming a standard height, even though height information was provided in the photographs or directly present with live models. (b) There is an inclination to focus on 1 aspect or dimension of the stimulus (e.g., for female figures, their width, for meals the identity of the components as opposed to their size) and either devalue or completely ignore another parameter critical for accurate judgment (height, for the case of body weight estimations). That is, students defaulted to a normative unit size and thus treated the stimulus as a representative, categorical, and unvarying example, and focused on only 1 dimension (univariate bias) in making judgments. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Surprise, memory, and retrospective judgment making: Testing cognitive reconstruction theories of the hindsight bias effect.

Hindsight bias has been shown to be a pervasive and potentially harmful decision-making bias. A review of 4 competing cognitive reconstruction theories of hindsight bias revealed conflicting predictions about the role and effect of expectation or surprise in retrospective judgment formation. Two experiments tested these predictions examining the effects of manipulating the information presented in a text-based scenario and its congruency with the given outcome on surprise, hindsight bias, and recall. The results of Experiment 1 revealed evidence of hindsight bias after exposure to incongruent and ambivalent outcomes but not after exposure to congruent outcomes. Experiment 2 replicated the hindsight bias results and found that the ratio of outcome consistent information recalled was higher than expected in the incongruent and ambivalent conditions but equaled the ratio presented to participants in the congruent condition. The results were interpreted as supporting the general predictions of sense-making models of the hindsight bias. A refined version of this model is discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)