某1 000 MW机组采用烟风煤粉管道设计优化方案的实施效果验证

目的 烟风煤粉管道典型设计优化方案已经应用于多个工程,故文章拟进行设计优化前后的实施效果验证,以进一步完善典型优化方案体系。 方法 以具体工程为例,采用了理论计算值与实际测试值的绝对值及差值对比的研究方法,进行了烟风煤粉管道理论压降与现场测试值的对比研究。 结果 研究结果显示理论计算的优化效果会劣于实测值。 结论 优化方案有利于降低烟风煤粉整个管道系统的阻力水平,故会使得实测实施效果由于理论计算值。研究成果对烟风煤粉管道的阻力计算具有一定的参考和借鉴意义。     

Iterative Learning Control Algorithm with a Fixed Step

Iterative Learning Control (ILC) captures interests of many scholars because of its capability of high precision control implement without identifying plant mathematical models, and it is widely applied in control engineering. Presently, most ILC algorithms still follow the original ideas of ARIMOTO, in which the iterative-learning-rate is composed by the control error with its derivative and integral values. This kind of algorithms will result in inevitable problems such as huge computation, big storage capacity for algorithm data, and also weak robust. In order to resolve these problems, an improved iterative learning control algorithm with fixed step is proposed here which breaks the primary thought of ARIMOTO. In this algorithm, the control step is set only according to the value of the control error, which could enormously reduce the computation and storage size demanded, also improve the robust of the algorithm by not using the differential coefficient of the iterative learning error. In this paper, the convergence conditions of this proposed fixed step iterative learning algorithm is theoretically analyzed and testified. Then the algorithm is tested through simulation researches on a time-variant object with randomly set disturbance through calculation of step threshold value, algorithm robustness testing,and evaluation of the relation between convergence speed and step size. Finally the algorithm is validated on a valve-serving-cylinder system of a joint robot with time-variant parameters. Experiment results demonstrate the stability of the algorithm and also the relationship between step value and convergence rate. Both simulation and experiment testify the feasibility and validity of the new algorithm proposed here. And it is worth to noticing that this algorithm is simple but with strong robust after improvements, which provides new ideas to the research of iterative learning control algorithms.     

A COMPARISON OF TWO SUBSIDIARY TASKS USED TO MEASURE FATIGUE IN CAR DRIVERS

Abstract

Car driving has been studied by combining it with a subsidiary task, performance on which is negatively correlated with the perceptual load imposed by changing conditions of traffic. The present experiment compares a subsidiary task which required almost continuous attention to an auditory display, and which involved memory spans of only 3 sec, with an alternative task which did not require continuous attention, but which involved memory spans of up to 55 sec. The former was found to have some advantages. This comparison was combined with a study of men engaged in 8-hour spells of car driving. Some explanations are offered for the finding that performance on the subsidiary tasks was better at the end of the work-spell than at the beginning.     

Influence of three principles of pacing on the temporal organisation of work during cyclic assembly and disassembly tasks

A study was conducted to investigate the influence of different approaches to arranging the pace and temporal organisation of repetitive assembly and disassembly tasks on both average performance and its variability and to compare assembly and disassembly times derived with psychophysical methods to a more traditional methods-time measurement (MTM) approach. The conditions studied were a traditional assembly line arrangement, where assemblies were started at a pace of 110 MTM (repeated on two occasions), a batch condition, where subjects were required to complete 36 assemblies within the total amount of time allowed at 110, MTM and a psychophysical condition, where subjects were allowed to choose their pace (repeated on two occasions). Overall, the results suggest that the mean time spent working in each cycle (the ‘on-time’) remained fairly constant across conditions, while the idle ‘off-time’ in between on-times was shorter and of less varied duration in the more autonomous batch and psychophysical conditions. During the second psychophysical (self-paced) condition, subjects completed a significantly higher number of assemblies than during the 110 MTM line condition. The higher pace was achieved through reduction in mean off-times and the potential implications for musculoskeletal risk are discussed.

Statement of Relevance: Higher levels of autonomy over work pace, which intuitively would be beneficial from an ergonomics standpoint, actually led to subjects selecting to organise work such that off-times (idle times) were reduced. In contrast, active ‘on’ times were not affected much by autonomy. These results point to a reason that piecework would be associated with increased risk for musculoskeletal disorders.     

隧道及地下工程岩体模型材料研究现状分析

归纳了当今国内外地质力学模型相似材料的研究现状,指出了常用相似材料的优缺点,并对测试相似材料力学特性的方法作了介绍,最终选取相似程度最好的模型材料,以更好的模拟实际条件。     

勃姆石在覆铜板中的应用研究

勃姆石有好的耐热性和低的硬度,本文对比了勃姆石和氢氧化铝对覆铜板耐热性和阻燃性的影响,并研究勃姆石不同添加量对覆铜板剥离强度、吸水率、热膨胀系数和介电性能的影响。     

判断系统的时不变性

在"信号与系统"课程中,时不变性是系统的重要性质.根据笔者的教学体会,将系统的输入输出解析关系抽象为三类函数,并且分析了这些系统的时不变性,从而使学生能够快速有效地判别系统的时不变性.     

心电信号降噪小波函数选取的定量研究

为了定量地评估不同小波函数对心电（ECG）信号的降噪效果,建立了含噪声的ECG模型作为实验标准信号,采用正交小波变换和不同阈值方法来对该标准信号进行高频噪声消除实验,通过信噪比参数结合波形形态来衡量降噪效果。实验表明,当降噪后信噪比接近标准信号信噪比时,降噪效果最佳,得到既能保证信号失真度小又具有较高信噪比的降噪方案和适用于ECG信号小波分解和重构的小波函数,最后通过MIT-BIH数据库数据验证了利用该研究结果能够有效地消除ECG信号中的高频噪声。     

“光纤通信”课程的教学改革

＂光纤通信＂是通信工程专业的主干专业课,课程的特点是理论性强、涵盖的知识面广泛。本文从理论和实践教学两个关键教学环节对本科通信工程专业的专业课＂光纤通信＂的教学进行了深入的探讨,总结了作者多年从事该课程教学的经验,提出了开展该课程教学的建议。