A Continuum Mechanics Approach for Crack Initiation and Crack Growth Predictions

Very often, different approaches are used for crack initiation and crack growth predictions. The current article introduces a recently developed approach that can be used for the predictions of both crack initiation and crack propagation. A basic assumption is that both crack nucleation and crack growth are governed by the same fatigue damage mechanisms and a single fatigue damage criterion can model both stages. A rule is that any material point fails to form a fresh crack if the total accumulated fatigue damage reaches a limit. For crack initiation predictions, the stresses and strains are obtained either directly from experiments or though a numerical analysis. For the prediction of crack growth, the approach consists of two steps. Elastic‐plastic stress analysis is conducted to obtain the detailed stress‐strain responses. A general fatigue criterion is used to predict fatigue crack growth. Compact specimens made of 1070 steel were experimentally tested under constant amplitude loading with different R‐ratios and the overloading influence. The capability of the approach to predict both crack initiation and the crack growth under these loading conditions was demonstrated by comparing the predictions with the experimental observations.     

The generalized Riemann problem method for the shallow water equations with bottom topography

This paper extends the generalized Riemann problem method (GRP) to the system of shallow water equations with bottom topography. The main contribution is that the generalized Riemann problem method (J. Comput. Phys. 1984; 55 (1):1–32) is used to evaluate the midpoint values of solutions at each cell interface so that the bottom topography effect is included in numerical fluxes, and at the same step the source term is discretized with an interface method in which only mid‐point values are plugged in. This scheme is well balanced between the flux gradient and bottom topography when incorporating the surface gradient method (SGM) (J. Comput. Phys. 2001; 168 (1):1–25) into data reconstruction step, and it is also suitable for both steady and unsteady flow simulations. We illustrate the accuracy of this scheme by several 1‐D and 2‐D numerical experiments. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Performance of Alcohol and Safer Sex Change Rulers Compared With Readiness to Change Questionnaires.

As part of a larger intervention study, the authors hypothesized that change rulers created for alcohol and safer sex would be equivalent to longer questionnaires. Ninety-six male college students completed rulers and questionnaires for assessing behavior change readiness. Participants' scores on the rulers significantly correlated with their scores on the questionnaires (r = .77 for alcohol; r = .77 for safer sex). In both domains, the rulers outperformed the questionnaires in predicting behavioral intentions, suggesting that the rulers had at least comparable concurrent criterion validity. This finding is the first of its kind in the safe sex literature and suggests that quick assessments of readiness to change are possible. Because the rulers are a continuous measure, the results are consistent with the idea that the change process is continuous rather than a series of discrete stages. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

自适应神经模糊系统在托砖架最高温度预测中的应用

气流床气化炉在气化工业中得到了广泛应用，托砖架用于支撑气化炉耐火砖的重量，必须有足够的强度，温度是托砖架强度的重要影响因素。传统方法使用有限单元法计算，需要编制复杂的计算机程序。本文使用已有软件计算出托砖架最高温度点温度，对一个自适应神经模糊系统(ANFIS)进行训练，然后对未知数据进行预测，取得了准确的结果。     

平面绕流泥沙磨损试验及水轮机磨损预估

本文介绍室内平面绕流磨损试验结果和应用于真机的磨损预估，与刘家峡、葛洲坝机组实测磨损量核算结果差别不大。在此基础上对在建的小浪底机组做了估算，并提出了一些看法。     

事故预测模型的建立与应用

阐述了事故发生的时序随机平稳性,采用最小二乘法进行相关分析,建立了事故频数与年序数之间的回归预测模型,应用事故预测模型,对某单位15年事故进行了相关分析与计算,预测了未来年度该单位可能发生的事故频数,及其预测区间.对该事故预测模型的应用进行了简单的说明.     

周铣加工表面形貌仿真新算法

考虑主轴偏心，基于周铣过程中刀具切削刃上任意点与工件相对运动的轨迹方程和周铣过程几何特征，构造出可以求解周铣加工表面上任意一点形貌高度值的三维表面形貌仿真算法，并给出了相应的仿真算例。该算法无需对刀齿进行微段离散，并且不依赖于工件网格划分，加工表面上任意一点形貌高度值的计算次数等于刀具齿数，具有通用性好、运算速度快、结果准确度高的特点。     

基于数据挖掘技术的上市公司财务危机预警实证分析

为了能够对上市公司的财务困境进行预测,采用样本上市公司的财务数据,建立了BP人工神经网络财务预测模型.研究结果表明,建立的计量模型预测准确度较高,不仅对企业财务困境的研究具有一定的理论价值,而且对证券分析行业相关人员进行上市公司的财务预测具有一定的现实意义.     

结晶器漏钢预报系统

对连铸机结晶器漏钢预报系统的控制原理,功能,结构进行了说明,该系统对提高连铸机作业率具有重要意义。