A segmentation algorithm for automated tracking of fast swimming unlabelled cells in three dimensions

Recent advances in microscopy and cytolabelling methods enable the real time imaging of cells as they move and interact in their real physiological environment. Scenarios in which multiple cells move autonomously in all directions are not uncommon in biology. A remarkable example is the swimming of marine spermatozoa in search of the conspecific oocyte. Imaging cells in these scenarios, particularly when they move fast and are poorly labelled or even unlabelled requires very fast three-dimensional time-lapse (3D+t) imaging. This 3D+t imaging poses challenges not only to the acquisition systems but also to the image analysis algorithms. It is in this context that this work describes an original automated multiparticle segmentation method to analyse motile translucent cells in 3D microscopical volumes. The proposed segmentation technique takes advantage of the way the cell appearance changes with the distance to the focal plane position. The cells translucent properties and their interaction with light produce a specific pattern: when the cell is within or close to the focal plane, its two-dimensional (2D) appearance matches a bright spot surrounded by a dark ring, whereas when it is farther from the focal plane the cell contrast is inverted looking like a dark spot surrounded by a bright ring. The proposed method analyses the acquired video sequence frame-by-frame taking advantage of 2D image segmentation algorithms to identify and select candidate cellular sections. The crux of the method is in the sequential filtering of the candidate sections, first by template matching of the in-focus and out-of-focus templates and second by considering adjacent candidates sections in 3D. These sequential filters effectively narrow down the number of segmented candidate sections making the automatic tracking of cells in three dimensions a straightforward operation.     

Sink placement on a 3D terrain for border surveillance in wireless sensor networks

With their distributed nature and redundant operation capability, wireless sensor networks are very suitable for border surveillance scenarios that track intruders trying to breach to a safe side. In such scenarios, keeping the operation going on for as long as possible is the most important aspect of the network. We propose that by placing sink at a carefully selected coordinate will results in a longer living network. We also place restrictions on the candidate locations so that the sensing quality of the network is above a useful predetermined value and the sink is placed in a relatively safe location to avoid destruction. In order to find the suitable coordinates we propose a modified lifetime metric which takes quality and safety measures into account. We also propose a genetic algorithm which uses a discrete event simulator-in-the-loop over a three dimensional terrain to find locations for the sink that fits the given quality and safety restrictions. Using a three dimensional underlying terrain makes the proposed approach more realistic. The results obtained for various sensor network scenarios indicate that the proposed algorithm can find locations that increase the lifetime by also considering the sensing quality and safety.     

（2＋1）维KD方程组的行波解

通过行波变换将（2＋1）维KD方程组转变为复域中的常微分方程,给出复化的（2＋1）维KD方程组的亚纯解结构.     

A novel method for predicting breakthrough time of horizontal wells in bottom water reservoirs

Dimensional analysis and numerical simulations were carried out to research prediction method of breakthrough time of horizontal wells in bottom water reservoir. Four dimensionless independent variables and dimensionless time were derived from 10 influencing factors of the problem by using dimensional analysis. Simulations of horizontal well in reservoir with bottom water were run to find the prediction correlation. A general and concise functional relationship for predicting breakthrough time was established based on simulation results and theoretical analysis. The breakthrough time of one conceptual model predicted by the correlation is very close to the result by Eclipse with less than 2% error. The practical breakthrough time of one well in Helder oilfield is 10 d, and the predicted results by the method is 11.2 d, which is more accurate than the analytical result. Case study indicates that the method could predict breakthrough time of horizontal well under different reservoir conditions accurately. For its university and ease of use, the method is suitable for quick prediction of breakthrough time.     

圆柱形部件表面疲劳裂纹扩展仿真及分析

给出了一种利用有限元技术模拟周期性张力载荷作用下圆柱形部件内裂纹扩展过程的方法。首先利用一系列点定义裂纹前沿，据此形成包含奇异单元的二维有限元网格，再扩展为三维网格，然后利用有限元法进行应力应变分析，最后使用Paris定律计算局部扩展增量，以此来更新裂纹的形状和尺寸。该方法还能够自动地重复执行扩展仿真。文中还对具有不同半径比的椭圆形和具有不规则形状的初始裂纹的扩展过程进行了仿真和分析比较，以此来取得裂纹在扩展过程中的形状变化特征。     

无线移动通信网络拓扑有效性的研究

主要研究无线移动通信网络中节点初始位置、覆盖半径和速度对链路和拓扑的影响，采用二维随机行走方法，构建基于移动性时元的随机移动模型，通过数学分析和推导获得节点在不同时刻的链路有效性测度，并在此基础之上研究一定覆盖下所有节点移动总体特性，采用数学推导方法得出了拓扑有效性测度函数，数值仿真结果表明所提出的有效性测度能够用来描述节点的移动特性对链路和拓扑的影响。     

制氧机闲置的氪、氙回收设备的恢复利用

将三套全提取空气分离设备的氪氙系统进行组合,实现互联、互替,从而解决了其中一套氪氙系统设备因缺陷而不能生产的问题。     

规划建筑漫游动画的计算机实现

利用计算机三维技术建立虚拟城市是很重要的城市规划内容,使用3ds max软件将二维图纸中的设计转化为虚拟的数字化建筑,将产生实体沙盘模型所达不到的仿真空间效果.能够全方位地、直观地给人们提供有关城市的各种具有真实感的场景信息.     

基于三维实体造型技术的机械制图教学体系的思考

针对三维实体设计的特点,分析机械制图课程学习三维实体造型技术的必要性及三维实体造型技术对机械制图教学的影响,指出应以三维实体造型技术构建全新的机械制图课程教学体系.     

Analysis and evaluation of effects of processing steps on dimensional tolerance of PIM parts

The factors affecting the dimensional tolerance of powder injection molding (PIM), such as the selection of the powder and binder, the feedstock homogeneity, the feedstock thermal properties, the feedstock rheologic behavior, the debinding schedule and atmosphere and sintering temperature gradient were discussed. An attempt was made to develop a model to estimate the influence of important variables. The results show that a better understanding of these factors can provide some useful theoretical instructions for large scale production.