基于超声波的围岩松动圈实时监测系统设计

实时地掌握围岩松动圈的范围对矿藏的安全生产具有重要的意义。利用超声波探测的灵活性和准确性,本文提出了一种基于超声波的围岩松动圈监测系统设计方法。此方案利用超声波在岩体中的传播速度与岩体的受力状态和裂隙程度的关系来实时地监测围岩松动圈的情况,具有方便、灵活、易于操作等特点。     

Nondestructive characterization of the mechanical strength of diffusion bonds. II. Application of a quasi-static spring model

It has been shown that the acoustic response of imperfect interfaces may be described by a quasi-static spring model. In the present paper, experimental data on the geometry of the contacts between two diffusion-bonded blocks have been used to determine the spring stiffness of such interfaces which have been correlated with experimentally determined ultrasonic reflection coefficients. The correlation between the theoretical reflection coefficient and the spring stiffness was found to be in excellent agreement with experimentally-observed values, if the disbonds are of infinitesimally small thickness. For disbonds of finite thickness, the agreement is less satisfactory. Reasons for the discrepancy in the latter case are unknown at the present time.     

Accelerated sintering of PtRh/Al2O3 catalysts in an oxygen periodic pulse flow

PtRh catalysts were prepared by coimpregnation, with chlorine-free precursors of a -alumina. They were sintered at 973 K under a continuous flow of O₂ (1% in Ar or air) or of a flow of Ar into which pulses of O₂ were injected periodically. Under the latter conditions the sintering was significantly accelerated, particularly for a certain value of the period of O₂ pulses.     

Ultrasonic-assisted drilling of Inconel 738-LC

Generally in the drilling of modern aviation materials such as nickel and titanium base super alloys, problems frequently occur in terms of burr formation at the cutter exit, tool stress, high heat generation on tool surface as well as low process reliability. A recent and promising method to overcome these technological constraints is the use of ultrasonic assistance, where high-frequency and low-amplitude vibrations are superimposed on the movement of cutting tools. This paper presents the design of an ultrasonically vibrated tool holder and the experimental investigation of ultrasonically assisted drilling of Inconel 738-LC. The circularity, cylindricity, surface roughness and hole oversize of the ultrasonically and conventionally drilled workpieces were measured and compared. The obtained results show that the application of ultrasonic vibration can improve the hole quality considerably. Improvements of up to 60% have been achieved.     

饮用水中天然有机物的分析与表征方法

天然有机物(NOM)是一类分布广泛、成分复杂的有机混合物,可严重影响饮用水的处理效率,并可能对出水水质产生严重的不利影响。因此,为了改进和优化饮用水的处理过程,在研究和实际应用阶段对NOM进行表征和定量以了解其结构特性和反应性具有重要意义。文中先对NOM的富集方法进行了介绍,接着梳理了不同分离方法的依据及作用,最后总结了各类表征方法的原理及应用,以期有助于对NOM和饮用水处理的深入研究。     

Analysis of the Structure and Biosynthesis of the Lipopolysaccharide Core Oligosaccharide of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the major component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, is important for bacterial viability in general and host–pathogen interactions in particular. Negative charges at its core oligosaccharide (core-OS) contribute to membrane integrity through bridging interactions with divalent cations. The molecular structure and synthesis of the core-OS have been resolved in various bacteria including the mammalian pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A few core-OS structures of plant-associated Pseudomonas strains have been solved to date, but the genetic components of the underlying biosynthesis remained unclear. We conducted a comparative genome analysis of the core-OS gene cluster in Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000, a widely used model pathogen in plant–microbe interactions, within the P. syringae species complex and to other plant-associated Pseudomonas strains. Our results suggest a genetic and structural conservation of the inner core-OS but variation in outer core-OS composition within the P. syringae species complex. Structural analysis of the core-OS of Pst DC3000 shows an uncommonly high phosphorylation and presence of an O-acetylated sugar. Finally, we combined the results of our genomic survey with available structure information to estimate the core-OS composition of other Pseudomonas species.     

水工混凝土构件裂缝检测方法及应用

水利工程在长期运行过程中,其混凝土构件会出现磨蚀、裂缝等损伤,如这类问题不能够及时得到处理,将会严重影响水利工程的安全运行。本次研究主要针对水工混凝土构件中的裂缝检测方法进行研究,提出从“定性”到“定量”的一体化检测思路,具体实施过程分为四部分,即“普探—详查—判定—验证”,其中,普探阶段采用探地雷达法,确定裂缝的总体分布;详查阶段采用超声横波反射三维成像的方法,确定裂缝的纵深向分布;判定阶段分别采用裂缝测宽法和表面声波法,用来确定裂缝的表面宽度和贯穿深度;验证采用钻孔电视,确定探测结果的正确性和准确性。上述技术路线突破了单一方法的限制,可有效地运用于水工混凝土构件裂缝检测,经实践证实,具有良好的检测效果。     

汽车喷烤漆自动控制系统

本文通过研究目前汽车烤漆房的实际运行情况，提出了一种汽车烤漆房喷漆自动控制系统，阐述了系统喷漆装置的构成、配合与运行原理，并构成了实际试验系统。     

超声加工中振幅衰减的控制

超声加工过程中，振动系统的振幅会发生衰减，造成加工过程不稳定，生产率降低。针对振幅衰减的原因，提出了先进行频率跟踪，然后在谐振状态下再提高振幅的方案，使振幅不因加工状态的变化而变化，从而保证加工质量，提高生产率。     

硫化物改质对20MnCr5齿轮钢夹杂物和切削性能的影响

 齿轮钢广泛应用于汽车、机械等传动系统,易切削化是提高齿轮加工效率、降低制造成本的主要途径之一。提高钢中硫元素含量是改善齿轮钢切削性能的有效方式,然而过多的硫元素在轧制时会形成条带状MnS,增大钢的各向异性,因此需要对硫化物进行改制处理。分别采用Ca处理和Mg处理两种方式对20MnCr5齿轮钢进行硫化物改质,通过对力学性能、组织形态、夹杂物分布以及切削性能等表征,对比分析不同改制方式对材料的影响。结果表明,Ca处理和Mg处理后试验钢的强度和塑性保持一致,而Mg处理试样的晶粒尺寸较小,因而韧性较高。Ca处理试验钢中MnS夹杂物数量较多,长条状夹杂物比例相对较高;而采用Mg处理可以有效降低钢中夹杂物的数量,夹杂物平均尺寸有所增大,同时小长径比夹杂物数量增多,但是复合氧化物型夹杂物的数量也有所增加。在240~280 m/min条件下进行了干切削试验,结果表明两种试验钢均出现前刀面磨损、后刀面磨损和边界磨损,其中Ca处理试样的刀具磨损较为严重,同时在较高切削速度下出现了积屑瘤和崩角现象,而Mg处理试样则具有更长的刀具使用寿命,对切削速度的敏感性也较低。分析可知,Mg处理后钢中存在较多的大尺寸球状硫化物夹杂物,提高了应力集中效应,更有利于改善切削性能,因而改制效果更好。