水下定位系统传感器安装误差标定技术研究

提出了一种基于非线性参数估计的水下定位系统传感器安装误差标定技术.水下定位系统由声学传感器,GPS和船体姿态传感器组成,各传感器的坐标系并不能完全重合,需要对传感器之间的误差标定后进行修正才能够获得高精度的定位效果.已有的标定方法多基于高斯-牛顿迭代法,而当非线性系统模型线性化带来较大误差时,常规的基于高斯-牛顿迭代法的标定方法已无法达到高精度的要求,而非线性模型参数估的直接解法则掺人了三阶量,有效减小线性化的模型误差,提高了各传感器安装误差的标定精度.海试数据处理表明:定位精度可由1 m提高到0.7 m.     

UWSNs中基于压缩感知的移动数据收集方案

由于水下无线传感器网络(UWSNs)工作环境的特殊性,降低节点能耗和保证数据收集的实时性是至关重要的问题.提出一种基于压缩感知(CS)的移动数据收集方案.以DEBUC协议和CS理论为基础,簇内节点依据设计的稀疏测量矩阵决定是否参与压缩采样,并将获得的测量值传输至簇头.通过AUV的移动来收集各个簇头上的数据到数据中心,该问题被建模为带有邻域的旅行商问题,并提出了近似算法进行求解.在数据中心处利用CS重构算法进行数据重构.仿真实验结果表明:相比于已有的水下移动数据收集算法,该方案在保证数据收集可靠性的同时,降低了数据收集延时,延长了网络寿命.     

Buoyancy engine developed for underwater gliders

A buoyancy engine with a swashplate-type axial piston pump was developed. Its oil extrusion and drawing properties under high hydraulic pressure were evaluated. This buoyancy engine is now installed in an underwater glider that will achieve long-term monitoring of ocean environments up to 2100 m depth in a designated area with lower operational costs. This bidirectionally functioning pump can control the amount of oil in extrusion and draw operations. When drawing oil under high pressure, the hydraulic pump and the electric motor, respectively, act as a hydraulic motor and an electric generator. The generated electric power is absorbed by a damping resistor. The oil-drawing and extrusion properties were measured using a large hyperbaric chamber that is able to produce an almost identical environment to that of actual operations. Results confirmed stable oil extrusion operations up to 21 MPa. Regarding oil-drawing properties, although it was measured only up to 10 MPa in the hyperbaric chamber, it can be inferred that the system can draw the oil and can control the buoyancy precisely up to 21 MPa by replacing the two-way ball valve with an electromagnetic latching solenoid valve.     

Development of a stable localized visual inspection system for underwater structures

To avert potential crisis from Japan’s aging infrastructure and declining birth rate, the Japanese Government is planning to introduce robotic technology for the inspection of social infrastructure (such as pipes, dams, and bridges). Recording underwater positions is a difficult task for human divers who undertake conventional dam inspections. This study presents the Anchor Diver 5.2 system for efficient and effectual dam inspection. Anchor Diver 5.2 is based on an extended-tether-maneuvered remotely operated vehicle (ROV) equipped with cameras. The ROV is lowered into water by a hoist system from a boat and implements a visual survey of the concrete underwater structure. To improve the visibility of the ROV in murky and cloudy water, a novel concept named Water Loupe is proposed. In addition, a simple boat-fixing method is proposed to provide a stable base on the water surface, and the underwater position of the ROV, which cannot be accessed by global positioning systems, is recorded using a feasible localization method. Finally, the developed system was evaluated in field experiments conducted in the Amagase Dam, Japan, and its merits and problems are discussed.     

基于OFDM的水声通信算法

在水声通信领域,基于正交频分复用（Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,OFDM）的通信技术是最直接和最有效的手段之一. 但是水声通信信道是多变的和复杂的,在传输的过程中可能会受到多途扩展严重、可用带宽有限和高噪声等不理想因素的影响,导致无法恢复出原始数据,所以保证数据的可靠性传输是极其重要的. 本文在原有的OFDM通信基础上加入了交织技术、chirp扩频技术、加窗以及chirp同步技术,并通过对MATLAB的仿真和实验分析,验证了该系统的可行性,最后通过对比加入噪声、多径和多普勒效应的误码率曲线图,说明了该系统的性能和抗干扰能力.     

基于跳频和同步捕获技术的水下无线通信技术研究

本文所阐述的水下无线技术即基于跳频技术和同步捕获技术的水声通信,由于声波在海水中的传播特性显著优越于电磁波和可见光,使得水声技术成为海洋高技术的主要研究领域之一 ,在国防领域也具有十分重要的研究意义.本文主要论述了水声通信中跳频技术和同步捕获技术的原理、具体算法的实现方案以及部分硬件设施的使用简述,并通过展示实验结果验证算法的可行性.     

能耗最优的水下滑翔机采样路径规划

研究了以能耗为优化准则的水下滑翔机海洋环境参数采样路径规划方法.首先,根据水下滑翔机的运动特点,建立了水下滑翔机采样作业过程的能耗模型;其次,基于能耗模型提出了一种能耗最小的滑翔运动参数优化方法,该方法避免了求解复杂的混合整数非线性规划问题;之后,在能耗最优的滑翔运动参数优化基础上,提出了一种基于两步链式Lin-Ker...     

柔性防护结构在长港河道整治工程中的应用

通过鄂州长港河道整治工程的实际工程应用,提出了可普遍应用于河道流域治理的柔性防护结构解决方案,通过与传统刚性防护结构进行比选,归纳总结柔性防护结构在安全、经济、施工、生态方面的突出特点,为类似工程提供了一种可借鉴的解决办法。     

自主式水下航行器三维路径跟踪的神经网络H∞鲁棒自适应控制方法

本文研究了存在模型不确定以及外界未知扰动情况下的自主式水下航行器(AUV)的三维路径跟踪控制问题. 针对此问题, 首先利用时标分离原理及正交投影Serret-Frenet坐标系建立了描述AUV质心运动及姿态运动的的仿射非线性数学模型. 其次, 在控制器设计中运用神经网络H∞鲁棒自适应算法克服了模型的不确定性及扰动, 同时在控制器设计中利用了主导输入的思想, 降低了闭环系统的复杂度, 减少了实时计算工作量, 便于工程应用. 基于Lyapunov理论的分析保证了系统的稳定性. 仿真结果表明, 路径跟踪控制律可以保证AUV沿期望路径运动, 并且具有良好的动态性能.     

基于权值范围设置的多模型稳定切换控制研究

针对线性加权多模型切换过程中权值难以确定问题,提出了具有Lyapunov函数的多模型稳定切换的充分条件,依据该充分条件可以确定加权多模型的权值范围和快速获取加权因子的取值,实现多模型的平滑切换.所提出的充分条件克服了多模型子系统必须稳定的苛刻条件,通过对自主水下机器人多运动模型切换过程的仿真实验表明,依据权值范围所给定的加权因子能够保证加权多模型切换过程中的渐近稳定性.