Experimental evaluation of ventilated glazing performance in Hong Kong

Window glazing affects much the indoor environment and the energy use in buildings. While double glazing has better thermal performance than single glazing, the airflow window options carry additional advantage of directly removing the absorbed solar energy in glass panes. This paper reports an experimental study in Hong Kong in evaluating the thermal/energy performance of the above‐mentioned glazing systems. A new approach of using numerical simulation technique to improve the quality of experimental analysis was introduced. Our findings show that the natural‐ventilated glazing system has a better thermal performance than the double‐glazing system since the latter received 13.6% more convective heat gain. The main advantage of the exhaust‐ventilated glazing system lies in the decrease of convective heat transfer to 34.3% of the double glazing, and 19.4% of the single‐glazing types. The results showed that the ventilated glazing schemes in association with daylight utilization could lead to substantial electricity savings in the office environment. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

通气超空泡临界通气率的水洞试验分析

形成通气超空泡所需的通气量是设计试验的一个重要参数,适当的通气量才能形成形态可控且减阻的理想超空泡.表征通气量的无量纲参数是通气率,形成超空泡的最小通气率称为临界通气率.在可连续通气水洞中对航行体缩比模型进行了通气超空泡试验,通过改变水洞工作段的来流速度和压力、模型比例和空化器等因素,获得了一系列不同形态的通气超空泡,分析了影响通气超空泡临界通气率的因素.     

高速水下航行体超空化通气参数数值研究

超空化技术是水下航行体减阻增速的一种重要方式。通过求解N-S方程,利用两方程湍流模型和全空化模型对通气空化流场进行了数值模拟,研究了通气参数对空化流场结构的影响,揭示了通气超空化减阻机理和场内流动状况,分析了超空化航行体阻力特性,数值结果表明供气量是决定空泡形态和超空化航行体减阻效果的最关键因素,供气位置和方向对空泡形态及水动力特性的影响并不显著。     

关于矿井通风若干问题的探讨

讨论了矿井通风系统简化优化的方法和依据,分析指出了等积孔不是评价矿井通风易难程度的唯一指标通风机改造时的注意事项,研究了通风系统经济运行对策与效益分析。     

采空区自然发火原因简析

文章分析了张双楼煤矿白石崖项目部煤层自然发火的原因,并简述了现场采取的防治措施,对类似矿井具有借鉴作用。     

Zonal network solution of temperature profiles in a ventilated wall module

A ventilated wall module is an outdoor air-intake device that can clean the drawn air, reduce heat loss or gain, and insulate outdoor noises. It contains a solar board, air cavities, and an air filter. This investigation proposes a zonal network model to efficiently predict temperature profiles in a ventilated wall module. The thermal network is established by applying an energy balance to each network node. The outdoor temperature, indoor temperature, and solar irradiation intensity are specified as boundary parameters. The proposed model is validated by the measured temperatures in a prototype model. The results show that the proposed model provides reasonably accurate temperatures with a maximum gap of 3°C between the prediction and the measurement. The temperature profiles approach straight lines when the mass flow rate significantly increases. A similar trend is observed when the solar irradiation intensity, the solar board absorptivity, or the glass transmitivity dramatically decreases.     

基于伯努利方程与边界层理论的水下航行体减阻特性分析

针对超空泡航行体减阻特性,基于伯努利方程与边界层理论,分析航行体在超空泡状态下相比于全沾湿状态和局部空化状态下的减阻特性,并讨论航行体的头部圆锥半角、长径比与尾部外形对航阻的影响。仿真结果表明:超空泡航行体具有明显的减阻效果;在同样的航行体长径比约束下,减小长度相比于减小直径其增阻效果更趋明显;圆台尾部相比于圆柱尾部的减阻效果随着空泡腔体的增大而渐趋弱化。     

Thermal performance study and evaluation of comfort temperatures in vernacular buildings of North-East India

Solar passive techniques are being used in vernacular buildings throughout the world. Researchers have done extensive study on thermal performance of vernacular buildings in the different parts of the world. Vernacular architecture of North-Eastern India represents the principle of climate-responsive architecture, which still lacks experimental validation and quantitative analysis. Thermal comfort not only makes the occupants comfortable but also governs energy consumption in the building. Detailed field studies on thermal performances of typical traditional vernacular dwellings in different bioclimatic zones have been undertaken. This field study includes detailed survey of 150 vernacular dwellings, field tests and thermal sensation vote of 300 occupants on ASHRAE thermal sensation scale. Field test includes measurement of temperature, humidity, illumination level and building design parameters. Thermal performances of these vernacular dwellings were evaluated for winter, pre-summer, summer/monsoon and pre-winter months of the year 2008. This evaluation is based on ‘adaptive approach’, which is the outcome of the field studies and is now part of ASHRAE standard 55/2004 for predicting comfortable temperature of naturally ventilated buildings. This study also tried to find out the range of comfort temperature in these vernacular buildings for different season of the year. It has been found that these vernacular dwellings perform quite satisfactorily except in the winter months and the occupants feel comfortable in a wider range of temperature.     

NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE VENTILATED CAVITATING FLOW AROUND AN UNDER-WATER VEHICLE BASED ON A THREE-COMPONENT CAVITATION MODEL

Based on the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations and mass transfer model,an approach,where a three-component cavitation model is proposed,is presented to simulate ventilated cavitating flow as well as natural cavitation.In the proposed cavitation model,the initial content of nucleus in the local flow field is updated instantaneously,and is coupled with the Rayleigh-Plesset equation to capture the cavity development.The proposed model is applied to simulate the cavitating flow around an under-water veh...     

THE COMPARATIVE STUDY OF VENTILATED SUPER CAVITY SHAPE IN WATER TUNNEL AND INFINITE FLOW FIELD

In order to understand the difference of ventilated supercavity in water tunnel and infinite flow field, 3-D numerical simulations are carried out to obtain the ventilated supercavity in above mentioned conditions based on RANS equations, using the finite volume method and SST turbulence model in the framework of the two fluid multiphase flow model. The numerical method adopted in this article for the infinite flow field and water tunnel experiments is validated by comparing results with those of empirical formulas and experimental data. On this basis the difference between water tunnel experiments and infinite flow field is studied, including the influence of the route loss and the blocking effect in the water tunnel. Finally, some suggestions are made for water tunnel experiments.