A Review of Dynamic Fracture Studies in Functionally Graded Materials

Abstract:  This article presents a review of dynamic fracture studies on functionally graded materials. A brief literature review on the fracture mechanics of graded materials is presented first. This is followed by a discussion on the higher-order asymptotic analysis of the transient elastic field surrounding the tip of a dynamically growing crack in a functionally graded material. A comprehensive experimental study of dynamic crack growth in model functionally graded material using the optical method of reflection photoelasticity and high-speed photography is then presented. The results are analysed to establish a generalised relationship between the crack velocity and the dynamic mode-I stress intensity factor (SIF). This relationship is found to be unique and is distinctly different from that previously established for the matrix material (polyester). Finally, an innovative experimental procedure is used to demonstrate the necessity of employing a fully transient stress-field representation in the analysis of optical data for an accurate prediction of the dynamic SIF history.     

Study on the anodic film formation process of AZ91D magnesium alloy

The formation of anodic film of AZ91D magnesium alloy has been investigated by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry, anodic polarization curve, current-time transients and SEM technique. The results show that, under our experimental conditions, the formation of AZ91D anodic film follows the mechanism of 3D nucleation with diffusion controlled growth. With the increase of applied anodizing potential, the nucleation type of anodic film changes from progressive to instantaneous. The results also show that the initially formed anodized film is threadlike and porous, and high potential is essential for the formation of good anodic film with excellent properties.     

A kinetic model for gas adsorption at solid surfaces by surface transient formation

In this paper is presented a model for the kinetics of gas adsorption at solid surfaces, in which transient formation is involved. In the case of ideal adsorption where the rate constants are independent of the surface coverages, the kinetics can be solved exactly in the framework of the first order kinetic law. The expression of the sticking coefficient for the final chemisorbed state is obtained in terms of the rate constants introduced in the model and compared to the expression commonly adopted in the literature. By means of a fitting procedure the kinetics were used to describe experimental data on the dioxygen adsorption at the Zn(0001) surface. An appropriate analysis of the fitting parameters, derived from adsorption data collected at different temperature of the substrate, allows for the activation energy of the processsurface transient final adsorbed species to be estimated.     

Evidence for transient composition variations at GaAs/Ga1−xAlxAs heterostructure interfaces prepared by metal-organic chemical vapour deposition

The composition profiles of GaAs/Ga_1?xAl_xAs heterostructures prepared in two different Metal-Organic Chemical Vapour Deposition (MOCVD) reactors have been studied. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). and Auger and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) sputter profiling results are in good agreement and interface widths below 20 å have been achieved. Significant new results on transient phenomena have been obtained. showing that large and sometimes very sharp excursions in composition can be associated with valve switching actions. Direct evidence is presented that gas pressure or flow transients can occur during valve operations. and it is suggested that such instabilities are the cause of the effects observed.     

子带自适应滤波器组参数的选取及其影响

为了研究自适应滤波在噪声消除,干扰抑制以及雷达信号处理中的广泛应用,对滤波器各影响因素进行了分析,提出了各参数的设计规则.以自适应滤波理论为基础,将信号划分成不同的子带通过原型分析综合滤波器组,将处理后的各路信号叠加可恢复原信号.选择合理的参数设置滤波器可以使系统的综合性能最优,同时可以将信号在传输过程中造成的损失减小到最低.通过大量仿真验证了该参数选取规则的准确性和有效性.     

Numerical Explanation of Slow Transients in an AlGaN/GaN HEMT

观察了AlGaN/GaN HEMT器件在短期应力后不同栅偏置下的一组漏极电流瞬态,发现瞬态的时间常数随栅偏压变化很小,据此判断这组瞬态由电子陷阱的释放引起.为了验证这个判断,采用数值仿真手段计算了上述瞬态.分别考虑了在器件中不同空间位置的电子陷阱,分析了应力和瞬态中相应的陷阱行为,对比和解释了仿真曲线与测量结果的异同.基于上述讨论,提出测量的瞬态可能是表面深陷阱和GaN层体陷阱的综合作用的结果.     

A unified formulation for continuum mechanics applied to fluid–structure interaction in flexible tubes

This paper outlines the development of a new procedure for analysing continuum mechanics problems with a particular focus on fluid–structure interaction in flexible tubes. A review of current methods of fluid–structure coupling highlights common limitations of high computational cost and solution instability. It is proposed that these limitations can be overcome by an alternative approach in which both fluid and solid components are solved within a single discretized continuum domain. A single system of momentum and continuity equations is therefore derived that governs both fluids and solids and which are solved with a single mesh using finite volume discretization schemes. The method is validated first by simulating dynamic oscillation of a clamped elastic beam. It is then applied to study the case of interest—wave propagation in highly flexible tubes—in which a predicted wave speed of 8.58 m/s falls within 2% of an approximate analytical solution. The method shows further good agreement with analytical solutions for tubes of increasing rigidity, covering a range of wave speeds from those found in arteries to that in the undisturbed fluid. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

泵管渠池复杂抽水系统的过渡过程计算

探讨了复杂抽水系统中有压流与无压流数值模拟的求解方法,将其统一于一种特征线求解格式,解决了在渠管衔接处的明满流问题.用该模型对大型泵站中泵管渠池组成的复杂抽水系统的水力过渡过程进行了计算.     

坦克射击模拟器中实时纹理映射技术

模拟训练是现代军事训练的重要且有效的手段，为了提高坦克射击模拟器的视觉真实度，在分析了坦克瞄准镜视场的特点及其变动规律后，建立相应的视景显示数学模型，并根据模型的特殊性，提出了一个快速纹理生成算法，该算法在微机平台上可以实时生成地面环境，从而能逼真地模拟坦克行进间射击的动态场面。     

混响背景下水底目标回波盲分离

针对水下掩埋目标探测中目标回波信混比较低的问题,提出将混响视为一类信源的与目标回波盲分离方法,研究了目标回波与混响在时域统计特性、时频域以及时域波形上的可分离性与分离原则问题,解决了传统时频方法不适用于当混响与目标回波在时频域内混叠时的抑制混响问题。海上掩埋目标探测实验数据处理结果表明,经过时域二阶统计盲分离与时频域盲分离处理后,目标回波的信混比提高了约5 d B,在时频分布上可以更清楚的观察到目标几何亮点,从而提高对目标回波识别的准确性。