用X射线衍射法测定硫化橡胶中的无机物含量

介绍用Ｘ射线衍射法定量测定硫化硫化橡胶中无机物含量的原理和步骤。实验一般误差仅为午分之几，最大误差为±１％。此法操作方便，既可定性，又可定量，不同一张衍射图上就可测算出硫化橡胶中无机物各组分的含量。     

邯郸膨润土的特征研究

采用化学成分分析、X-射线衍射分析、红外光谱、差热分析和扫描电镜等分析方法,研究了邯郸膨润土的特征。分析结果显示,邯郸膨润土是一典型的钙基膨润土,蒙脱石含量50%左右。进行人工钠化改性所获得的膨润土具有天然钠基膨润土同样的特性。     

非平衡磁控溅射TiCxN1-x薄膜微结构及性能分析

为了研究不同沉积条件下TiCxN1-x(0≤x≤1)薄膜的相结构、显微硬度及摩擦性能的影响因素,用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪分析薄膜的形貌和相结构,用HXD-1000数字式显微硬度计、MCMS-1摩擦磨损仪测试薄膜的硬度和摩擦系数.研究结果表明:TiN,TiC薄膜显示出〈111〉择优取向生长趋势,Ti(C,N)有较强的〈200〉取向,Ti(C,N)衍射峰涵盖了TiN峰和TiC峰,薄膜存在TiN和TiC两相共存.与TiN,TiC相比,Ti(C,N)薄膜具有更高硬度,当C原子含量x＝0.582时,Ti(C,N)薄膜硬度达到最大值为33.6 GPa,且表现出更低的摩擦系数和更好的耐磨性能.     

直喷汽油机喷雾粒径特性

利用激光衍射技术研究了直喷汽油机喷油器喷雾粒径在不同喷射压力、不同喷射脉宽和不同空间条件下随时间变化特性。试验结果表明:在喷雾开始和结束时喷孔内外压差不稳定,容易出现大直径液滴;在喷射过程中燃油喷射压力和喷射脉宽对喷雾粒径的影响是一个动态过程,在燃烧系统开发过程中需要优化喷油器参数以获得最优喷雾粒径;燃油喷雾液滴在空间分布并不均匀,油束中心区域液滴直径大于边缘区域液滴直径。     

Nb和La在BaTiO_3陶瓷中补偿机制研究

以Ba(Ti1-xNbx)O3和(Ba1-xLax)Ti1-x/4O3(x=0.03)陶瓷为对象,对应研究Nd5+和La3+分别替代在BaTiO3陶瓷的Ti4+位和Ba2+位所起的施主效应和缺陷补偿机制.结果表明:La3+诱致Ti空位缺陷,形成阳离子空位补偿,而非具有施主效应的电子补偿模式.Nb5+在BaTiO3的掺杂导致多重补偿机制,除产生共存的Ba空位和Ti空位缺陷外,来源于Nb5+施主效应的电子补偿占支配地位,导致Ba(Ti1-xNbx)O3陶瓷的半导体效应.     

干燥温度对马铃薯淀粉粉丝晶体特性和复水性的影响

干燥温度影响马铃薯淀粉粉丝晶体特性和复水性。利用DSC、X-衍射研究不同热风干燥温度条件下粉丝DSC、X-衍射和复水性,结果表明:随着干燥温度的升高制得的方便粉丝DSC分析的热焓值依次降低。干燥温度30、40、50℃下制备的粉丝均在2θ为19.5°处出现了V型衍射峰的特征,发生β化的程度较大,复水时间≥6 min,复水效果差;热风60、70℃下制得的粉丝均在2θ为17.1°保留着A型衍射峰的特征,发生β化的程度较小,复水时间≤6 min,方便粉丝易复水,复水效果好;热风干燥80℃,X-衍射无衍射峰出现,提示无β化转变发生,但复水时溶出物多容易糊汤。干燥过程影响方便粉丝的晶格状态和β化程度,影响了方便粉丝的复水性。     

矢量无衍射光束的光强

矢量无衍射光束不仅具有标量无衍射光束的特点,而且还具有标量无衍射光束所不具备的偏振特性,因此研究矢量无衍射光束具有十分重要的意义.研究结果表明,利用柯林斯等公式经过理论推导可以得到自由空间矢量无衍射光束的光强计算式,这对于研究矢量无衍射光束的自重建现象奠定了理论基础.     

Growth characteristics and kinetics of niobium carbide coating obtained on AISI 52100 by thermal-reactive diffusion technique

Niobium carbide coating was produced by thermal-reactive diffusion technique on AISI 52100 steel in salt bath at 1 123 K, 1 173 K, and 1 223 K for 1, 2, 4, and 6 hours. The salt consisted of borax, sodium fl uoride, boron carbide, and niobium pentoxide. The presence of NbC phase on the steel surface was confi rmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. Microscopic observation showed that niobium carbide coating formed on the substrate was smooth and compact. There was a distinct and fl at interface between the coating and substrate. The micro-hardness of niobium carbide coating was 2892±145HV. The thickness of coating ranged from 1.6 μm to 14μm. The forming kinetics of niobium carbide coating was revealed. Moreover, a contour diagram derived from experimental data was graphed for correct selection of process parameters. Some mathematical equations were built for predicting the coating thickness with predetermined processing temperature and time. The results showed that these mathematical equations are very practical as well as the kinetics equation.     

Effect of Mg-film thickness on the formation of semiconductor Mg2Si films prepared by resistive thermal evaporation method

Mg fi lms of various thicknesses were deposited on Si(111) substrates at room temperature by resistive thermal evaporation method, and then the Mg/Si samples were annealed at 40 ℃ for 4 h. The effects of Mg fi lm thickness on the formation and structure of Mg2Si fi lms were investigated. The results showed that the crystallization quality of Mg2Si fi lms was strongly infl uenced by the thickness of Mg fi lm. The XRD peak intensity of Mg2Si(220) gradually increased initially and then decreased with increasing Mg fi lm thickness. The XRD peak intensity of Mg2Si(220) reached its maximum when the Mg fi lm of 380 nm was used. The thickness of the Mg2Si fi lm annealed at 400 ℃ for 4 h was approximately 3 times of the Mg fi lm.     

超细矿粉对混凝土界面区硫酸盐腐蚀的影响

为了研究骨料与水泥石界面区(ITZ)的组成及结构对混凝土抗硫酸盐腐蚀性能的影响,利用紫外分光光度计绘制了硫酸钠溶液浸泡混凝土试样的SO2-4浸入浓度/深度曲线,并辅以扫描电镜(SEM)和电子探针能谱(EDS)等对ITZ进行观测;同时利用XRD定量分析研究了混凝土本体相和界面相的水化产物富集的差异.结果表明:Ca(OH)2、钙矾石(AFt)等晶体富集于硫酸钠溶液浸泡后试样的ITZ,引起AFt二次结晶型的硫酸盐腐蚀破坏.在适量石膏的激发下,掺入超细矿粉(GGBS)可阻止AFt转变成单硫型水化硫铝酸钙(AFm),减少AFt二次结晶的生成,明显提高抗硫酸盐侵蚀能力,试样的同深度硫酸根浓度最低,抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能最好.