基于AT89C52的帆板角度控制研究

利用AT89C52单片机、角度检测电路,YM12864R显示电路,风扇驱动电路等电路组成帆板自动控制系统,通过A／D采集角度信号,然后和给定角度进行比较,通过PWM方式,调节占空比,调节电压,控制电机速度,改变风速大小,从而达到控制帆板转角的目的．     

Influence of Different Additives on the Interaction of Quinolone Antibiotic Drug with Surfactant: Conductivity and Cloud Point Measurement Study

Conductometric and cloud point (CP) measurement studies have been performed to investigate the interaction of tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB) and Triton® X-100 (TX-100) with ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CFH) in different solvents over the temperature range of 295.15–315.15 K. CFH is used for the treatment of various bacterial infections. The observed critical micelle concentration (CMC) values of TTAB were found to be reduced in the presence of electrolytes (Na₂SO₄/Na₃PO₄), and this reduction proceeds with the elevation of salt concentration. The order of the CMC of TTAB follows the trend: > >. The observed CMC values of TTAB were found to increase with increasing temperature and decrease with increasing concentration of CFH in aqueous medium. The values of Gibbs free energy of micellization () for the TTAB/TTAB + CFH mixture were found to be negative, implying spontaneous micellization. The estimated CP of TX-100 decreases with increasing concentration of TX-100 in aqueous medium. The CP values first decrease with increasing concentration of CFH and then increase at higher concentration of CFH almost in all cases investigated. The values of free energy of clouding were found to be positive in all cases studied implying that phase separation of TX-100 was nonspontaneous. The other thermodynamic parameters associated with the micellization of TTAB and the phase separation of TX-100 were estimated and explained.     

Use of micellar extraction and cloud point preconcentration for valorization of saponins from sisal (Agave sisalana) waste

Sisal (Agave sisalana) is the main hard fiber produced worldwide, with an estimated generation of 400 thousands t in 2011. From its leaves, only the hard fibers, which represent 3–5% of their weight, are removed. The remaining 95–97% is referred to as sisal waste and contains steroidal saponins that can be potentially used in foods, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals formulations, as well as for soil bioremediation. The present work aimed at to evaluate strategies for the extraction and concentration of saponins from sisal waste, focused on the use of clean solvents, such as water and ethanol. For this purpose, it was firstly performed a central composite rotatable design for the optimization of the extraction conditions followed by a comparison of this strategy with other methods (Soxhlet, ultrasound-assisted extraction and micellar extraction). Cloud point preconcentration was then tested, using several types and concentrations of salts. The use of orbital shaker extraction (200 rpm) with an ethanolic solution (30%, v/v) at 50 °C, a mass/volume ratio sisal/solvent of 0.17 (g/mL) for 4 h allowed a recovery of 38.6% of the saponins. When a micellar extraction strategy using 7.5% (v/v) of Triton X-100, under the above-mentioned conditions was performed, saponins recovery raised to 98.4%. In a subsequent step, the addition of 20% (m/v) sodium carbonate led to a preconcentration factor of 20.3. The best adsorbent for Triton removal from the preconcentrated solution was Amberlite FPX-66. The process strategy proposed in the present study showed to be efficient for saponins extraction and preconcentration from a low-cost, highly available agricultural waste.     

Test/retest and inter‐test agreement of color aptitude measures

The color discrimination capacity of color vision normal observers can be assessed using color aptitude tests (CATs), although data on the test/retest reliability and inter‐test agreement of such tests using appropriate statistical measures is limited. In this study, 32 color vision normal observers twice performed each of five CATs, being the Farnsworth‐Munsell 100 hue test, HVC Color Vision Skills Test, inter‐Society Color Council Color Aptitude Test, the Nagel Anomaloscope (Nagel), and a custom designed two‐color discrimination test. Two methods of determining the Nagel matching range were used based on the initially accepted matching range or on repeated measures. The test/retest performance of each test was determined using the method outlined by Bland and Altman[Lancet 1986;1:307–310] and the inter‐test agreement was analyzed using the same method, after converting test scores into z score units. No test was found to have a significant systematic alteration in test performance between test and retest. Test/retest performance was generally poor, indicating that tests can only reliably classify observers into very broad performance bands. All tests failed to show inter‐test agreement, and our data indicate a primary reason for this: as test/retest performance is generally poor, inter‐test agreement must also be poor as no test can agree more with another test than it agrees with itself. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 40, 224–231, 2015     

Development of mefenamic acid–loaded polymeric microparticles using solvent evaporation and spray-drying technique

Ethyl cellulose (EC) and Eudragit RL-100 (ERL-100) were used for the preparation of sustained released microparticles of mefenamic acid (MFN) by using oil-in-oil (o/o) solvent evaporation as well as spray drying. A Plackett-Burman design was employed using Design-Expert software. The resultant microparticles were characterized for their size, surface morphology, encapsulation efficiency, and drug release. Imaging of microparticles was performed by field emission scanning electron microscopy. The drug and polymer interaction was investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffractometry (XRPD). The microparticles showed encapsulation efficiency in the range of 29.44 to 89.20% by solvent evaporation and 83.73 to 96.69% by spray drying. The surface of the microparticles was smooth, round, and regular, without any erosion and cracking. The size of the microparticles was found to be in the range of 6.55 to 41.1 µm. FTIR analysis confirmed no interaction of MFN with the polymers. XRPD showed the dispersion of the drug within the microparticle formulation. These results helped in finding the optimum formulation variables for encapsulation efficiency (EE) of microparticles.     

Differential Effects of Estrogen and Progestin on Apolipoprotein B100 and B48 Kinetics in Postmenopausal Women

The distinct effects of the estrogen and progestin components of hormonal therapy on the metabolism of apolipoprotein (apo) B‐containing lipoproteins have not been studied. We enrolled eight healthy postmenopausal women in a placebo‐controlled, randomized, double‐blind crossover study. Each subject received placebo, conjugated equine estrogen (CEE, 0.625 mg/day) and CEE plus medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA, 2.5 mg/day) for 8 weeks in a randomized order, with a 4‐week washout between phases. Main outcomes were the fractional catabolic rate (FCR) and production rate (PR) of apo B100 in triglyceride‐rich lipoproteins (TRL), intermediate‐density lipoproteins (IDL) and low ‐density lipoprotein (LDL) and of apo B48 in TRL. Compared to placebo, CEE increased TRL apo B100 PR (p = 0.04). CEE also increased LDL apo B100 FCR (p = 0.02), but this effect was offset by a significant increase in LDL apo B100 PR (p = 0.04). Adding MPA to CEE negated the CEE effects resulting in no significant changes in TRL apo B100 PR and LDL apo B100 FCR and PR relative to placebo. Relative to placebo, during CEE there was a trend toward a reduction in plasma apo B48 concentrations and PR (p = 0.07 and p = 0.12, respectively). Compared with CEE, CEE + MPA significantly increased TRL apo B48 FCR (p = 0.02) as well as apo B48 PR (p = 0.01), resulting in no significant changes in apo B48 concentration. Estrogen and progestin have independent and opposing effects on the metabolism of the atherogenic apo B100‐ and apo B48‐containing lipoproteins.     

浊点萃取-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定乙醛触媒微量钯含量

建立了以1-（2-吡啶偶氮）-2-萘（PAN）为络合剂,以非离子表面活性剂TritonX-100为萃取剂的浊点萃取分离富集-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定痕量钯的新方法。研究了溶液的酸度、络合剂和表面活性剂浓度、平衡温度和时间、离子强度等条件对浊点萃取效果的影响。该方法对钯的检出限为35．3ng／mL,相对标准偏差（RSD）为3．1％（n=8）,回收率97．6％0～106．7％。可用于乙醛催化剂中微量Pd（Ⅱ）的测定。     

Effect of neodymium substitution on crystalline orientation,microstructure and electric properties of sol-gel derived PZT thin films

Pb(Nd_xZr_0.52Ti_0.48)O₃ (PNZT) (x = 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%) thin films were prepared by sol-gel process to investigate the effects of neodymium substitution on crystalline orientation, microstructure and electric properties of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) films. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis showed that PNZT films with Nd doping concentration below 3% exhibited dense perovskite structure with (100) preferred orientation. The average grain size of PNZT films decreased as the Nd substitution increased. The maximum dielectric constant, remnant polarization and minimum coercive field were obtained in 2% Nd-doped PZT films. Fatigue resistance was also improved significantly with 2% Nd dopant.     

Ceria nanocube with reactive {100} exposure planes: Simple and controllable synthesis under moderate conditions

{100} planes of CeO₂ are unstable polar surfaces and important to enhance the oxygen storage capacity. However, a convenient method is still needed for the synthesis of ceria nanocubes which expose six {100} facets. Here, a new and facile synthesis strategy has been developed to synthesize single-crystalline nanocubes of CeO₂. According to transmission electron microscopy, these nanocubes are enclosed by six {100} facets. It is proved that in the synthesis process, the acetate radical ions would adsorb on the positive charged Ce(OH)₃ formed from the reaction of Ce³⁺ and ammonia, then partially inhibit the redox between Ce(OH)₃ and NO₃⁻ and protect the {100} facets during crystal growth. Meanwhile, the Ce⁴⁺ ions would act as crystal seeds to facilitate the formation of single crystals. Both of the addition of Ce⁴⁺ ions and CH₃COO⁻ ions are necessary for the synthesis of monocrystal ceria nanocubes. Throughout the synthesis process, it is moderate reaction conditions that the pressure is atmospheric pressure and temperature is no higher than 80 °C.     

淬火温度对电弧微铸锻AerMet100钢组织与性能的影响

采用OM、XRD、SEM、TEM和力学性能试验方法,研究了在885～1150℃范围内不同淬火温度对电弧微铸锻增材制造AerMet100超高强度钢组织及力学性能的影响规律。结果表明,电弧微铸锻AerMet100钢原始态组织主要由板条马氏体和奥氏体组成,呈现出快速凝固的组织特征;随着淬火温度的升高,试验钢的凝固组织逐渐消失,当温度超过1050℃时基本上完全消除;断裂韧度随着淬火温度的升高表现出升高的趋势;抗拉强度和屈服强度随着淬火温度的升高没有明显变化;冲击吸收能量随着淬火温度的升高呈现先升高后下降的趋势,在淬火温度为1050℃时达到峰值。在试验温度范围内,1050℃左右淬火可获得优异的强韧性匹配,此时试验钢的断裂韧度为82.9 MPa·m^1/2,抗拉强度为2010 MPa,冲击吸收能量为50 J。