热界面材料对高功率LED热阻的影响

散热不良是制约大功率LED发展的主要瓶颈之一, 直接影响着大高功率LED器件的寿 命、出光效率和可靠性等。本文采用T3ster热阻测试仪和 ANSYS热学模拟的方法对LED器件进行热学分析,以三种热界面材料(金锡,锡膏,银胶)对LE D热阻及芯片结温的影响为例,分析了热界面材料的热导率、厚度对LED器件热学性能的影响 ,实验结果表明界面热阻在LED器件总热阻中所占比重较大,是影响LED结温高低的主要因素 之一;热学模拟结果表明,界面材料的热导率、厚度及界面材料的有效接触率均会影响到LE D器件结温的变化,所以在LED器件界面互连的设计中,需要综合考虑以上三个关键参数的控 制,以实现散热性能最佳化。     

磺酰基桥联杯［4］芳烃多孔配位笼对海水中U(Ⅵ)的快速吸附

设计合成具有较强铀酰离子结合能力、较快吸附动力学的多孔框架配合物对于海水中铀吸附具有重大的意义。利用对叔丁基磺酰基桥联杯［4］芳烃（H4TC4A SO2）、六水氯化钴和1,3 二（2H 四氮唑 5 基）苯（H2L）在溶剂热的条件下构筑了一例长方体状杯芳烃基多孔配位笼（Co16）,并用于对海水中铀酰离子的吸附。对Co16吸附剂进行U(Ⅵ)吸附实验发现,Co16吸附剂在较宽的pH范围内对U(Ⅵ)具有优异的吸附能力,并在90 min内达到吸附平衡,且符合准二级动力学模型。吸附等温线较好地符合Langmuir模型,表明Co16吸附剂对U(Ⅵ)的吸附属于单层吸附,且对U(Ⅵ)的吸附容量高达54731 mg/g。热力学实验表明,Co16吸附剂对U(Ⅵ)的吸附属于自发吸热的行为。把该材料置于真实海水中20 d后,其在真实海水中的吸附容量可达488 mg/g。以上结果表明,Co16吸附剂在海水铀吸附方面具有巨大的应用潜力。     

Determination of Tehran Research Reactor power by N gamma detection

The radioisotope ¹⁶N is produced by the interaction of fast neutrons with ¹⁶O in water reactor coolant. This radioisotope emits at the two major gamma ray energies of 6.13 MeV and 7.1 MeV. Exploiting the linear relation between the number of gamma particles versus the reactor power change, the reactor power is determined by detecting and counting the emitted gammas. In this work, for the detection of gammas to measure the reactor power, two different methods are employed. First, by NaI(Tl) scintillator detector and second, by assembly of ten GM detectors. The obtained results confirm that the number of emitted gammas is proportional to the change in reactor power as shown by different monitoring systems such as UIC, CIC, FC, Cherenkov and thermal power. Both of the applied methods are shown to give reliable results for reactor power above 20 kW. Both systems, having been calibrated, are being used as monitoring systems of power in Tehran Research Reactor. These systems are usable in other research reactors and possibly in power reactors as well.     

Microscopic,molecular, and biochemical investigations to characterize a benthic cyanoprokaryote Leptolyngbya strainfrom Egypt

Microscopic, molecular, and biochemical investigations were conducted to describe a benthic mat‐forming Leptolyngbya isolate collected from wastewater canal in Helwan area, Egypt. Microscopic examination revealed that the isolate was filamentous, nonheterocystous, with obvious granular surface ornamentation. Electron microscopy was used to reveal the isolate's ultrastructure. Cross walls were thick with uneven deposition. Thylakoids were convoluted and irregularly distributed. Granular content differed from one cell to the other probably due to their physiological stages/position within the filaments and/or their age. Nycridial cells were present. Highly refractile gas vesicle‐like structures were detected and their identity as gas vesicles was confirmed by amplifying the gene coding for the gas vesicle protein GvpA. The presence of gas vesicles in benthic microorganisms is intriguing, and it is possible that those vesicles serve as a floating and dispersal mechanism as they increase in filaments that are about to break and release vacuolated hormogonia. To further confirm the isolate's identity, molecular analysis using 16S rRNA gene was performed. The sequence showed only 94% similarity to Leptolyngbya badia and less than 92% to other leptolyngbya. The phylogenetic analyses showed the coclustering of this strain with other Leptolyngbya strain. The fatty acid composition, used as a chemotaxonomic marker, revealed the presence of a considerable amount of polyunsaturated acids. Nevertheless, saturated fatty acids represented the highest proportion of the total fatty. Surprisingly, fatty acids of relatively limited occurrence within oscillatorian cyanobacteria such as saturated myristic fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid C16:3 were found. Microsc. Res. Tech. 76:249–257, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

基于ATmega16单片机的实时温度采集与分析系统

温度是工农业生产中很重要的的参数,它直接影响到产品的质量与性能。提出了一种基于ATmega16单片机与温度传感器相结合的实时温度采集与分析系统。本系统介绍了以ATmega16单片机为核心,以及自动化控制装置GTJ4-10A固态继电器和数字温度传感器DS18B20,报警与指示电路等,在分析中基于MFC的软件处理。其中包括温度曲线的绘制,以及温度值的保存,显示历史记录等。在经过烧水温度的测试,该系统稳定可靠便于分析。温度误差0.5℃,可以满足工农业生产的要求     

Primary research of heat flux deposition pattern on the surface of HT-7 movable limiter

This paper presents a method of characterizing the heat flux deposition pattern on HT-7 movable limiter, a new component in the spring experimental campaign of year 2006. A new modeling establishment combines with heat transfer simulation with ANSYS code, and a shot of long pulse discharge is chosen with small radius 265 mm of movable limiter, which is 5 mm smaller than that of the main toroidal limiters. Both parallel and perpendicular heat flux are taken into account and different ratios of them are also tested in simulations. The simulation temperature values match well with the results of the IR-camera. Temperature distribution shows that ?_||/?_⊥ = 5 is quite suitable in HT-7 device, and the maximum heat flux is about 10 MW/m² and average heat flux is about 5 MW/m² on the movable limiter. This method can be also used in other tokamak devices with limiter configuration and circular cross-section shape.     

Real-time fibre optic radiation dosimeters for nuclear environment monitoring around thermonuclear reactors

The ability of fibre optic sensors to operate in hazardous nuclear environments and their intrinsic immunity to electro-magnetic interference make fibre optic sensing a very promising technology for the future ITER thermonuclear fusion reactor. In this paper, we evaluate fibre optic sensing technology for monitoring radiation dose in the vicinity of ITER during its operation and during the maintenance periods.First, the performance of an OSL dosimeter interrogated remotely using radiation tolerant optical fibres is evaluated both for real-time and integrating measurements for doses exceeding 100 Gy. We demonstrate its satisfactory operation in a mixed gamma neutron field. Second, we discuss the successful calibration of a new scintillating fibre optic radiation probe based on CsI(TI) crystals for operation in the dose-rate range 0.3-3000 mGy/h. The CsI(TI) crystal scintillator is mounted at the end of a 10-m long multimode fibre transceiver link to allow for remote deployment. The probes can detect and measure gamma dose rates ranging from 1 to 1000 mGy/h. Finally, we investigate the possible use of commercially available PMMA plastic optical fibres as on-line dosimeters up to 34 kGy. The dose measurement is derived from the radiation-induced attenuation in the optical fibre itself. A novel interrogation scheme based on a ratiometric technique is proposed for real-time dosimetry.     

Semi-empirical systematics for the cross-sections of the reactions (n,α), (n,p) and (n,2n) at 14.5 MeV neutrons on the basis of experimental data measured by Lanzhou University

Three new semi-empirical formulae for the calculation of the (n,α), (n,p) and (n,2n) cross-sections at neutron energy 14.5 MeV were obtained on the basis of experimental data measured by Lanzhou University. Derived from the statistical model with consideration of the Q-value dependence, the new formulae include three, three and four parameters for (n,α), (n,p) and (n,2n) reactions, respectively. The obtained relations are compared with other recently proposed systematics based on the statistical model as well as on the asymmetry parameter dependence.     

Ion induced high energy electron emission from copper

We present measurements of secondary electron emission from Cu induced by low energy bombardment (1-5 keV) of noble gas (He⁺, Ne⁺ and Ar⁺) and Li⁺ ions. We identify different potential and kinetic mechanisms and find the presence of high energetic secondary electrons for a couple of ion-target combinations. In order to understand the presence of these fast electrons we need to consider the Fermi shuttle mechanism and the different ion neutralization efficiencies.