微观结构对Ni-SDC阳极电化学性能的影响

用甘氨酸-硝酸盐法制备了具有高比表面积的纳米粒子NiO和Ce0．85Sm0.15O2—8（SDC）,用固相合成法制备了Ni—SDC复合阳极材料,通过测量过电位和电导率对其性能进行比较,研究微结构对复合阳极电化学性能的影响．结果表明,由于阳极组成和制备条件不同导致的微结构的变化,对阳极性能有很大影响．通过调整微结构,可以使阳极过电位和电导率明显改善．用甘氨酸-硝酸盐法制备SDC与NiO初始粉末,将2种初始粉末在600℃预烧,混合后得到的复合阳极具有优异的电化学性能．在600℃时,样品在氢气气氛下的电导率达到了3534S／cm,电流密度为0．5A／cm。时样品过电位是0．18V．     

预化学镀石英光纤表面电镀镍层的研究

采用电镀法在石英光纤表面化学镀Ni—P涂层上续镀厚镍,重点考察了硫酸镍质量浓度、十二烷基硫酸钠质量浓度和电流密度对镍沉积速率和镀层质量的影响并确定了其最适宜值。将质量浓度为1．5g·L^-1的稀土氧化镧（La2O3）添加入普通瓦特镀液中考察其对电镀效果的影响。用扫描电镜和体视显微镜对镀层的表面形貌进行了表征和分析。结果表明,添加稀土La2O3细化了金属晶粒和提高了镀层致密程度,镀层样品（厚度约为800μm）具有高硬度、强附着力、低电阻、高密度和良好的可焊性等性能。     

具有某种特性的向量优化问题的解的刻画

在有限维空间中,当目标函数凸下半连续时,向量优化问题一定有弱有效解,并且解集是紧的,但当目标函数非凸时,这不一定成立,文章讨论了把目标函数的凸性减弱之后,向量优化问题的解集是非空并且紧的,另外还得到一些等价的刻画。     

La对CH_4-CO_2重整反应催化剂性能的影响

采用等体积浸渍法制备了Ni/γ-Al2O3和Ni/La2O3-γ-Al2O3系列催化剂,通过固定床反应、热重分析等方法,考察了催化剂的性能。结果表明：Ni质量分数为10%的Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂具有较高的活性;稀土元素La的加入,提高了催化剂的抗积炭性能;在相同的反应条件下,10%Ni/3%La2O3-γ-Al2O3催化剂的积炭量比10%Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂积炭量降低了40%,稳定性大大提高。以Ni/La2O3-γ-Al2O3催化剂中Ni质量分数10%,并且La质量分数3%为最佳,实验条件下制得的合成气CO/H2接近1/1。     

基于灰靶理论的城市应急供水方案评价研究

针对城市应急供水方案选择面临的多目标评价问题,从水量、水质、工程难度、工程投资等方面建立城市应急供水方案评价指标体系,运用灰靶理论,通过建立标准模式、灰靶变换、构建灰关联差异信息空间、计算灰关联系数和靶心系数,逐层次识别模式接近靶心度的程度,从而对方案进行评价及排序,最终选定方案6作为德阳市应急供水方案,为德阳市灾后重建城市供水提供了重要的科学依据.该方法适合处理信息不完全、少数据不确定性问题更简洁、高效、可行.     

Mn含量对正极材料LiMn_xCo_(0.2)Ni_(0.8-x)O_2的结构与电化学性能的影响

通过共沉淀法合成了具有层状结构的锂离子电池正极材料LiMnxCo0.2-Ni0.8-xO2。采用XRD、XPS和恒流充放电等测试手段研究了Mn含量变化对正极材料LiMnxCo0.2Ni0.8-xO2的物理性质与电化学性能的影响。结果表明:Mn含量的增加会引起元素O和Ni的氧化态降低,使得Ni由+3价逐渐转变为+2价,而Mn的氧化态却始终保持+4价不变;尽管Mn含量的增加会使材料的充放电比容量有所降低,但是材料的结构稳定性和热稳定性会得到改善。XRD测试结果表明样品LiMnxCo0.2Ni0.8-xO2(0≤x≤0.5)都具有标准的-αNaFeO2层状结构。此外,从Mn含量的变化引起的样品晶胞参数的变化表明,当0≤x≤0.25时LiMnxCo0.2Ni0.8-xO2可能形成的是假固溶体,当Mn含量由0.3增加到0.5时形成的是真固溶体。     

C0-半群的概率型逼近

借助于算子值数学期望以及概率论方法,利用适当的随机变量的矩生成函数估计式,讨论了Banach空间上C0-半群的概率表示式及收敛速度的估计式.     

Formation of bulk ferromagnetic nanostructured Fe_(40)Ni_(40)P_(14)B_6 alloys by metastable liquid spinodal decomposition

Nanostructured Fe40Ni40P14B6 alloy ingots of 3―5 mm in diameter could be synthesized by a metastable liquid state spinodal decomposition method. For undercooling T> 260 K, the microstructure of the undercooled specimen had exhibited liquid state spinodal decomposition in the undercooled liquid state. The microstructure could be described as two intertwining networks with small grains dispersed in them. For undercooling T>290 K, the overall microstructure of the specimen changed into a granular morphology. T...     

Hydroformylation of functional alkenes with heterodonor phosphine rhodium catalysts: substrate or ligand directed regioselectivity?

The catalytic activity and selectivity of heterodonor phosphine rhodium catalysts prepared in situ were tested in the hydroformylation of functional alkenes (ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, styrene, 4-vinyl-1-cyclohexene, dicyclopentadiene and cis-1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthalic anhydride). Systematic variation of the heterodonor atom in the ortho position of the ligand showed that the heterodonor atom has a significant influence on the activities and selectivities of the reaction. However, the activity seems to depend mainly on the modifying ligand, and the regioselectivity mainly on the substrate (i.e., the structure and functionality of the alkene). Nevertheless, regioselective control is only obtained through synergy between the substrate and the catalyst. Clear regiocontrol was observed in the hydroformylation of ,-unsaturated esters and styrene with an in situ formed o-(thiomethylphenyl)diphenylphosphine rhodium catalyst.     

Disruption of Secondary Attraction of the Spruce Beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis, by Pheromones of Two Sympatric Species

Capture of spruce beetles, Dendroctonus rufipennis, in multiple-funnel traps baited with frontalin and -pinene was reduced by up to 42% in the presence of synthetic (+)-exo- and (+)-endo-brevicomin, aggregation pheromones of the sympatric species Dryocoeles affaber. (±)-endo-Brevicomin was inhibitory to spruce beetles in two experiments and (±)-exo-brevicomin was inhibitory in one experiment, reducing spruce beetle trap catches by up to 87% and 75%, respectively. Spruce beetle trap catches were also reduced by 85% by (±)- or (+)-ipsdienol, but not by (–)-ipsdienol. Ips tridens, a second sympatric species, produces both enantiomers of ipsdienol in its pheromone blend. Responses by D. affaber to its own pheromone were significantly enhanced by addition of the spruce beetle lure. Enantiospecific pheromones of secondary competing species, or less costly racemic substitutes, may be useful for managing spruce beetles using competitive displacement or exclusion. Baiting susceptible hosts with pheromones of secondary species may enhance attack by secondary species, while partially repelling spruce beetles.