导弹防御计划的调整与机载激光未来的发展

评述和分析了美国对导弹防御计划的调整及其带来的影响,特别介绍了机载激光武器的未来发展.     

ABL and BAM Friction Analysis Comparison

The Integrated Data Collection Analysis (IDCA) program has conducted a proficiency study for Small‐Scale Safety and Thermal (SSST) testing of homemade explosives (HMEs). Described here is a comparison of the Alleghany Ballistic Laboratory (ABL) friction data and Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und ‐prüfung (BAM) friction data for 19 HME and military standard explosives. Two methods were employed to reduce the data – modified Bruceton analysis (F₅₀) and the threshold initiation level analysis (TIL). The study provides a full list of friction sensitivity data for the 19 materials by both ABL and BAM friction testing equipment. Specific results highlight the differences more than the similarities of the two methods. PETN and KClO₃/sugar mixtures exhibit the most sensitivity of the materials studied by both testing methods. On the other hand, H₂O₂/fuel mixtures exhibit no sensitivity in ABL testing, but exhibit some sensitivity in BAM testing. For the UNi mixtures, the behavior was the opposite, no sensitivity in BAM but some sensitivity in ABL. KClO₄/Al mixtures exhibit high sensitivity in the ABL method, but only moderate sensitivity in the BAM method. Other differences are seen in the relative sensitivities underscoring the differences in the mechanisms of how each test method operates. In some cases, data could not be attained because of the physical nature of the material. Comparison between the two friction methods on a material‐by‐material basis using absolute values not surprisingly yielded essentially no systematic correlations. Even the relative order showed little correlation between the two methods. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) funded this effort. Each participating testing laboratory uses identical test materials and preparation methods. However, the test procedures differ among the laboratories. The testing performers involved are Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Naval Surface Warfare Center, Indian Head Division Explosive Ordnance Disposal Technology (NSWC IHEODTD), Sandia National Laboratories (SNL), and Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL/RXQL).     

美国机载激光武器发展现状

机载激光武器（ＡＢＬ）的发展是定向能武器技术中最不寻常的成就之一。本文介绍了美国机载激光武器发展现状。     

CRISPR/Cas9-Directed Gene Trap Constitutes a Selection System for Corrected BCR/ABL Leukemic Cells in CML

Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is a haematological neoplasm driven by the BCR/ABL fusion oncogene. The monogenic aspect of the disease and the feasibility of ex vivo therapies in haematological disorders make CML an excellent candidate for gene therapy strategies. The ability to abolish any coding sequence by CRISPR-Cas9 nucleases offers a powerful therapeutic opportunity to CML patients. However, a definitive cure can only be achieved when only CRISPR-edited cells are selected. A gene-trapping approach combined with CRISPR technology would be an ideal approach to ensure this. Here, we developed a CRISPR-Trap strategy that efficiently inserts a donor gene trap (SA-CMV-Venus) cassette into the BCR/ABL-specific fusion point in the CML K562 human cell line. The trapping cassette interrupts the oncogene coding sequence and expresses a reporter gene that enables the selection of edited cells. Quantitative mRNA expression analyses showed significantly higher level of expression of the BCR/Venus allele coupled with a drastically lower level of BCR/ABL expression in Venus+ cell fractions. Functional in vitro experiments showed cell proliferation arrest and apoptosis in selected Venus+ cells. Finally, xenograft experiments with the selected Venus+ cells showed a large reduction in tumour growth, thereby demonstrating a therapeutic benefit in vivo. This study represents proof of concept for the therapeutic potential of a CRISPR-Trap system as a novel strategy for gene elimination in haematological neoplasms.     

Apg-2过表达对BaF3-MIGR1及稳定表达BCR/ABL的BaF3-P210细胞增殖的影响

目的探讨热休克蛋白Apg-2过表达对小鼠pMIGR1空载体感染细胞BaF3-MIGR1和BCR/ABL转化细胞BaF3-P210(简称BP210)增殖的影响。方法构建pIERS2-EGFP-Apg-2真核表达质粒,电穿孔转染BaF3-MIGR1和BP210细胞,经G418筛选稳定表达细胞株,分别用RT-PCR和Western blot鉴定Apg-2的表达。采用Am-Blue法和流式细胞仪(FCM)检测Apg-2过表达对BaF3-MIGR1和BP210细胞增殖的影响,光镜观察细胞形态变化。结果pIERS2-EGFP-Apg-2真核表达质粒构建正确,转染细胞后筛选到稳定过表达Apg-2的BaF3-MIGR1-Apg-2和BP210-Apg-2细胞株,BaF3-MIGR1-Apg-2细胞的增殖速度明显低于BaF3-MIGR1细胞,BP210-Apg-2细胞比BP210细胞增殖加快。光镜下可见Apg-2过表达的两种细胞形态发生变化,瑞氏染色可见细胞核增多。结论Apg-2能够促进BCR/ABL阳性细胞的增殖,可能与慢性粒细胞白血病的发生发展相关。     

Locked nucleic acids biosensor for detection of BCR/ABL fusion gene using benzoate binuclear copper (II) complex as hybridization indicator

Benzoate binuclear copper (II) complex, [Cu₂(C₇H₅O₂)₄(C₂H₆O)₂] (abbreviated as CuR₂) was prepared and its interaction with double-stranded salmon sperm DNA (dsDNA) in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer solution was studied by electrochemical experiments at the Au electrode (AuE). It was revealed that CuR₂ presented an excellent electrochemical activity on AuE and could bind with dsDNA by intercalation mode. The CuR₂ was further utilized as a new indicator in the fabrication of an electrochemical DNA biosensor for detection of BCR/ABL fusion gene. The biosensor based on nanogold (NG) modified AuE was developed by using thiolated-hairpin locked nucleic acids (LNA) as the capture probe for hybridization with BCR/ABL fusion gene. The results indicated this new method has excellent specificity for single-base mismatch and complementary after hybridization. The constructed electrochemical DNA biosensor achieved a detection limit of 1.0 × 10⁻¹⁰ M for complementary target DNA with a good stability.     

Characterization of flip chip bonded structure with Cu ABL power bumps

Power distribution in both 2D and 3D integrated circuit (IC) devices becomes one of the key challenges in device scaling, because the on-chip power dissipation becomes significantly severe and causes thermal reliability issues. In this study, the process solution to resolve the on-chip power dissipation by improving power distribution was investigated through newly designed power bumps called ABL (advanced bump layer) bumps. Rectangular-shaped Cu ABL bumps were fabricated and bonded on Si substrate using flip chip bonding process. The bump height difference in signal and ABL power bumps, bonding interface, and electrical resistivity of flip chip bonded structure were evaluated. The lowest electrical resistivity of Cu ABL bump system was estimated to be 3.3E−8 Ω m. The process feasibility of flip chip bonded structure with Cu ABL bumps has been demonstrated.     

基于HLA的机载激光武器仿真系统设计

以机载激光武器(ABL)为研究对象,根据机载激光武器的特点以及高层体系结构(HLA)的原理,提出了基于高层体系结构(HLA)的机载激光武器仿真系统设计方案,设计了由弹道导弹、载机、机载激光武器等成员组成的仿真系统,并就系统设计、开发及实现过程中的关键技术,如作战想定、仿真系统结构设计、OMT设计、联邦成员实现等分别作了讨论。最后,组建仿真系统进行反导拦截仿真实验,从攻防两方面对影响机载激光武器毁伤效果的因素进行了分析。该系统可以为机载激光武器反导效能的分析评估提供平台和依据,对其它基于HLA的仿真系统的联邦设计与开发也具有一定的参考价值。     

空间对抗中的激光武器

作为威慑战略的一部份,美国正在发展摧毁卫星的能力,而开发激光反卫武器则是实 现空间控制的重要研发计划之一。本文首先初步分析了卫星对激光武器的易损性,然后评述和讨论了地基激光、机载激光和可伸缩的空天全球激光交战反卫武器的系统概念,关键技术和部件的重大进展,以及存在的问题。     

Enhanced estimation of boundary layer advective properties to improve space‐to‐time conversion processes for wind energy applications

Remote sensing instruments that scan have the ability to provide high‐resolution spatial measurements of atmospheric boundary layer winds across a region. However, the ability to use these spatially distributed measurements to extract temporal variations in the flow at time scales less than the measurement revisit period is historically limited. As part of this work, the framework for an enhanced space‐to‐time conversion technique is established, allowing for time histories of atmospheric boundary layer wind characteristics to be reliably extracted for locations within the measurement domain. This space‐to‐time conversion technique is made possible by quantifying momentum advection within the measurement domain, rather than simply assuming a uniform advection based on a singular mean wind speed and direction. The use of this technique enables the extraction of long lead‐time (ie, upwards of 60 seconds) forecasts of wind speed and direction at individual locations within the measurement domain, thereby expanding the application and potential benefits of scanning instruments. For example, these long lead‐time forecasts can be used to enhance proactive wind turbine control and more accurately define wind turbine wake statistics.