利用斑马鱼模型研究琼胶寡糖抗氧化机制

为进一步实现琼胶寡糖的高值化利用,探究琼胶寡糖(Agaro-oligosaccharides,AOS)对2,2-偶氮二(2-甲基丙基咪)二盐酸盐(AAPH)诱导损伤后斑马鱼的抗氧化作用及机制。采用高效液相色谱法对酸法制备的琼胶寡糖组分进行分析。优化建立AAPH诱导的斑马鱼模型,并以斑马鱼胚胎存活率、活性氧生成率和细胞死亡率评价不同浓度琼胶寡糖的抗氧化活性。结果表明,琼胶寡糖主要由琼二糖(51.60%)、琼四糖(28.40%)和琼六糖(14.50%)组成,对斑马鱼胚胎添加琼胶寡糖浓度低于200 μg/mL时无致畸、致死毒性;琼胶寡糖(25、50、100 μg/mL)对最优AAPH诱导浓度(15 mmol/L)引起的氧化应激损伤斑马鱼模型有保护作用,且呈剂量依赖性。其中最优浓度100 μg/mL 琼胶寡糖能显著提高斑马鱼胚胎存活率(96.88%,p<0.05),显著降低AAPH引起的斑马鱼体内活性氧生成率(100.53%,p<0.05)和细胞死亡率(101.69%,p<0.05)。本研究通过斑马鱼模型首次揭示了琼胶寡糖可通过清除体内大量活性氧生成和阻止细胞死亡损伤的抗氧化机制实现提高其体内抗氧化活性,为其作为保健功能食品等应用提供了理论基础。     

Fenton degradation of 4-chlorophenol contaminated water promoted by solar irradiation

The degradation of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) contaminated water by Fenton process with or without solar irradiation assistance were investigated. It was found that the COD degradation and mineralization efficiency of 4-CP were more than 90% when a 30 min treatment of solar photo-Fenton oxidation process was applied and under an optimum [H₂O₂]₀/[Fe²⁺]₀ ratio of 40, the COD degradation and mineralization efficiency increased 65% as compared to Fenton oxidation. Meanwhile, the AOS values increased from −0.33 to 2.13 in solar photo-Fenton process while no significant improvement for AOS values was found in Fenton process, implying a higher degree of oxidation for 4-CP in solar photo-Fenton process. In addition, increasing the intensity of solar irradiation seemed to be beneficial for treatment of 4-CP contaminated water. Formation of chloride ion as a result of mineralization of organically bounded chlorine was identified during the treatment of 4-CP solution. Near-stoichiometric accumulation of chlorine was observed during the degradation of 4-CP in both Fenton and solar photo-Fenton processes. However, accumulation rate of chloride ions were much faster in solar photo-Fenton process. The degradation of 4-CP was found to obey a pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics. As compared to Fenton process, the presence of solar light in photo-Fenton process increases the reaction rate by a factor of 6.5 and 15.8 for COD and TOC degradation, respectively. In other words, during the treatment of 4-CP contaminated water, solar photo-Fenton process possesses notably higher mineralization efficiency in a relatively short radiation time as compared to Fenton process, and could enhance the degradation treatment of refractory organic wastewater such as 4-CP in a cost-effective approach.     

一种基于AOS格式的多相水平集快速分割方法

采用迎风格式的水平集算法实现需要在曲线演化过程中重新初始化水平集函数的要求,为保证算法的稳定,时间步长选取较小值,算法运行速度较慢。文中基于无须重新初始化的水平集方法,在算法数值实现中引入AOS半隐格式,对基于不同统计模型的水平集分割算法给出统一的数值实现。以二相水平集分割算法为基础提出一种新的多相水平集分割方法。该方法采用一个水平集函数进行多次演化实现多区域分割,其优点包括：1)采用AOS半隐格式,该格式无条件稳定,可采用较大的时间步长;2)对多个统计模型进行统一处理;3)采用单一的水平集函数进行演化,减少水平集演化方程的数量,算法更加灵活。实验结果表明,该方法具有较快的分割速度,对具有多个区域的图像能够进行较准确的分割。     

对AOS协议中卫星自适应帧的帧同步码识别

针对AOS协议中卫星自适应帧的帧同步码识别问题,在对传统的自相关算法进行研究的基础上,提出了一种改进的自相关算法进行分析和识别。该方法克服了传统自相关算法极易受到非同步码影响的缺点。首先对数据进行运算识别出帧长和同步码长,然后通过得到的帧长和同步码长计算出同步码起始位。仿真实验表明:该方法能够利用较少的数据快速准确地识别出帧同步码,并具有良好的容错性能。     

Colloidal flocculation of micellar solutions of anionic surfactants

Micellar solutions of anionic surfactants usually precipitate in the presence of cations, following a mechanism by which initially cations bind themselves to the micellar surface until saturation is achieved. At higher cation concentrations, unbound cations precipitate with surfactant monomers. In a few cases cations, and especially Al³⁺, cause surfactant micelles to flocculate. These flocs have properties as adsorbents of acidic organic compounds, which might be used in water treatment processes. Both α-olefinsulfonates C₁₄−C₁₆, and laurylsulfate micellar solutions are fast flocculation colloidal systems in the presence of Al³⁺.     

一种新的去除混合噪声的变分模型及其应用

由于现有的某些去噪模型仅对某种噪声特别有效,而对其它类型噪声的效果却不够显著,因此提出一种能有效地去除多种噪声的变分模型,它融合了几种经典去噪模型的优点,并在数值求解时采用了高效且无条件稳定的AOS算法.数值实验表明,与现有的一些去噪方法相比,提出的去噪方法耗时少且效果更好.最后给出了解的存在性证明.     

烯基磺酸盐的开发,生产,性能及其应用

本文综述了α－烯基磺酸盐的开发,生产过程,产品性能及其在家用洗涤剂中的应用。     

An amorphous oxide semiconductor thin-film transistor route to oxide electronics

Amorphous oxide semiconductor (AOS) thin-film transistors (TFTs) invented only one decade ago are now being commercialized for active-matrix liquid crystal display (AMLCD) backplane applications. They also appear to be well positioned for other flat-panel display applications such as active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED) applications, electrophoretic displays, and transparent displays. The objectives of this contribution are to overview AOS materials design; assess indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) TFTs for AMLCD and AMOLED applications; identify several technical topics meriting future scrutiny before they can be confidently relied upon as providing a solid scientific foundation for underpinning AOS TFT technology; and briefly speculate on the future of AOS TFTs for display and non-display applications.     

基于AOS格式的水平集快速分割模型

针对C-V图像分割模型提出了一种快速分割模型。首先引入一种新的内部能量函数,即以水平集函数与距离函数的偏差作为能量函数,无需重初始化水平集函数,且初始水平集函数可以用一般的分段函数来定义,节省了初始化和重初始化过程所消耗的时间。其次计算格式采用AOS格式,该差分格式无条件稳定。实验结果表明了该分割模型的有效性。     

非线性扩散图像配准

针对非刚性图像配准方法中对形变域使用全局一致正则化方法的缺点,提出了一种基于非线性扩散的非刚性图像配准方法。运用变分原理推导了该方法的数学模型,并将图像局部信息嵌入到该模型中,非线性扩散系数根据图像特征自适应调整,使得形变域的不同区域得到了不同程度的平滑。为提高配准速度,采用加性算子分裂法求解偏微分方程。采用合成图像与MRI图像进行了实验,结果表明:与全局一致正则化方法相比,自适应扩散配准算法获得了更符合物理实际的形变,保持了形变域的局部细节,具有更好的配准精度。