Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn) plumule polysaccharide protects the spleen and liver from spontaneous inflammation in non-obese diabetic mice by modulating pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokine gene expression

A novel lotus plumule polysaccharide (LPPS) was administered to non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice for 15 weeks to evaluate the protective effects of LPPS on type 1 diabetes. After the 15-week feeding experiment, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 expressions in the spleen, liver and kidney of the experimental mice were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay. The results showed that LPPS significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the absolute weights of the enlarged spleens in the NOD mice in a dose-dependent manner, inhibited pro-inflammatory TNF-α and IL-6 cytokine production and decreased the secretion ratio of IL-6/IL-10 in splenocyte cultures. LPPS markedly decreased the relative expression of pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokine genes (TNF-α/IL-10 and IL-6/IL-10) in the livers of NOD mice. Our results suggest that LPPS protected the spleen and liver from spontaneous inflammation in NOD mice by modulating pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokine gene expression.     

Isolation and characterization of Listeria monocytogenes in Chinese food obtained from the central area of China

The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from Chinese food, including frozen dumplings, flavored raw meat, roasted meat, braised meat, and a cold vegetable dish with sauce. A total of 900 food samples were collected from supermarkets, open-air markets, and delicatessens in three large cities in the central area of China to examine the presence of L. monocytogenes; 21 (2.3%) of the samples were positive for this pathogen. Among the different samples, braised meat showed the highest L. monocytogenes detection rate (4.4%). Samples obtained from delicatessens showed a much higher L. monocytogenes contamination rate (8.3%) than those from open-air markets (6.7%) or supermarkets (0%). Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis indicated that the 21 bacterial isolates belonged to 12 ST subgroups. ST5 was the largest and contained 7 isolates (33.3%); it was followed by ST474, ST121 and ST9 (each containing 2 isolates [10.5%]). Antibiotic susceptibility analysis showed that the 21 L. monocytogenes isolates were thoroughly resistant to cefoxitin but highly susceptible to doxycycline and ciprofloxacin. The presence of 10 virulence genes was evaluated by PCR, which showed that inlA, inlC, inlJ, prfA, hlyA, and plcB were present in all isolates and that inlB, actA, plcA and iap were present in 71.4–90.5% of the isolates. This study provides a useful reference for risk assessment and control of L. monocytogenes contamination in Chinese food and for the treatment of clinical listeriosis.     

Antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes of Arcobacter isolates recovered from edible bivalve molluscs

The goals of this study were to assess the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility and the presence of virulence genes of arcobacters recovered from edible bivalve molluscs. A total of 106 samples (21 clams, 18 mussels, 20 oysters, 20 razor clams, 11 scallops and 16 surf clams) were analysed by culture between 2010 and 2013. The obtained colonies were identified by multiplex PCR and PCR-RFLP and genotyped by ERIC-PCR. Furthermore, nine putative virulence genes (cadF, ciaB, cjl349, irgA, hecA, hecB, mviN, pldA and tlyA) were assessed by PCR and the antimicrobial resistance was tested by the dilution agar method. The global prevalence was 40.5%, with the highest value in surf clams (87.5%) followed by razor clams (65.0%), mussels (33.3%), clams (23.8%), scallops (18.0%) and oysters (15.0%). The most commonly found species was Arcobacter butzleri (62%) followed by Arcobacter cryaerophilus (21%), Arcobacter skirrowii (16%) and Arcobacter defluvii (1%). A high resistance was found to nalidixic acid and ampicillin, while the predominant detected virulence genes were mviN (83.8%), ciaB (82.8%) and tlyA (72.7%). Our results indicate a high prevalence of arcobacters in shellfish and the pathogenic potential of the recovered isolates suggests that this type of food could be a plausible transmission route of virulent strains to humans.     

食品中克罗诺杆菌分离菌株生物被膜形成、耐药性及毒力基因检测

研究食品中克罗诺杆菌分离菌株的生物被膜形成、耐药性以及携带毒力基因情况。在成都市周边农贸市场和路边小摊采集食品样品129份,采用DFI 阪崎肠杆菌显色培养基分离克罗诺杆菌;通过16S rRNA序列比对分析鉴定分离菌株;采用试管法和微孔板法分析菌株生物被膜形成能力,同时研究温度对细菌成膜能力影响;采用纸片法检测分离菌株对18种抗生素的耐药性;采用PCR方法检测分离菌株携带cpa、hly、sip 和ompX毒力基因情况。结果发现从129份食品样本中共检出克罗诺杆菌43株,检出率为33.3%。43株克罗诺杆菌食品分离菌株的成膜率为90.7%,并且温度对细菌成膜影响明显。四种毒力基因中,ompX检出率为100%;cpa检出率为13.9%;hly检出率为11.6%;sip基因未检出。耐药表型检测发现43株克罗诺杆菌食品分离菌株对青霉素、克林霉素、万古霉素、苯唑西林和杆菌肽B的耐药率为100%,对利福平的耐药率达97.7%;对红霉素的耐药率为7%;对环丙沙星、庆大霉素、四环素、氯霉素、亚胺培南、磺胺甲恶挫、呋喃妥因、头孢西丁、链霉素、阿米卡星、氧氟沙星等100%敏感。本研究表明克罗诺杆菌食品分离菌株具有较好的形成生物被膜能力,对常见的抗生素耐药率较高,并且分离菌株携带一定的毒力基因,对食品安全造成潜在威胁。     

基于文化基因的杨家埠木版年画文创产品设计

目的 探索杨家埠木版年画的保护与传承,构建杨家埠木版年画文化基因图谱,并进行文化创意产品设计,助力我国非物质文化遗产的现代化转化、助推社会经济和文化创意产业的发展。方法 首先,通过文献研究、实地调查等研究手段对杨家埠木版年画资料进行分类、整理、归纳;其次,基于文化基因对杨家埠木版年画进行形态因子、色彩因子、纹样因子及语义因子的再提取并绘制基因图谱。结果 生成杨家埠木版年画文化基因的延展IP形象盲盒、日历等文创产品实践案例,印证了文化基因理论指导杨家埠木版年画文创产品设计的可行性。结论 文化基因图谱梳理了杨家埠年画的文化要素,有效地指导了杨家埠木版年画的文化创意设计,同时对其他非物质文化遗产传承与发展具有借鉴意义。     

基于KANO-AHP-FCE模型下的传统村落文创产品设计研究

目的 解决传统村落文创产品如何进行特色化设计的问题。方法 首先,通过KANO模型结合层次分析法进行木棉村文创产品设计需求类型的筛选及重要程度排序;其次,通过景观基因识别法提取木棉村文化基因;最后,运用分析结果来执行设计方案,并使用模糊综合评价法来评定设计方案的可行性。结果 结合上述方法进行木棉村文创设计实践,取得了较好的效果,能够提高文化元素利用的丰富性和准确性;能够清晰、系统地分析目标用户需求及重要程度,进而降低设计师的主观偏差,提高设计评价的客观性。结论 针对传统村落特定的文化内涵和资源特点,开发出注重人文情感化的文创产品,且兼顾目标客户精神层面的满足和情感体验,符合市场需求。对其他传统村落文创设计有一定的参考和借鉴作用。     

苏州市食品中单增李斯特菌污染状况及分子特征分析

目的 研究2016—2020年苏州市各类食品中单增李斯特菌的污染状况及分子特征。方法 将采样食品按WS/T464—2015《食物成分数据表达规范》进行分类,计算各类食品污染率,通过聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction, PCR)和凝胶电泳对毒力基因(inlA、inlB)和耐药相关基因(virR、dltA、dltB、dltC、dltD、mprF)进行检测,通过脉冲场凝胶电泳进行分子分型。结果 683件食品中共检出44件阳性样品,总体检出率6.4%。各类食品中以肉类食品的检出率最高(17.2%),肉类食品中以预制肉制品检出率最高(37.2%)。分离的44株单增李斯特菌毒力基因inlA携带率为100.0%,inlB携带率为97.7%,耐药相关基因virR、dltA、dltB、dltC、dltD、mprF的携带率分别为90.9%、100.0%、90.9%、100.0%、95.5%、97.7%。分离株的PFGE型别可分为11个基因型簇,相似度为53.3%～100.0%,有11组100.0%相似度的带型,其中有3组为同一时间,同一地点采集样品所分离菌株。结论 苏州市肉...     

革命文物数字化聚合体的构建与设计应用研究

目的 以文化基因之间相似性关系为基础,对革命文物进行关系匹配,构建革命文物数字化聚合体,整体性地展现革命文物关系并应用于设计创新当中,为革命文物数字化保护工作提出新的路径。方法 首先,对革命文物数字化聚合体进行定义,确定聚合体的基本构成单元U,U=(M,G,R):M=革命文物唯一标识/名称,G=革命文物文化基因,R=革命文物文化基因关系连线;其次,从本体属性中提取出满足创新设计应用的革命文化基因并进行类型维度的层次分级,建立以文化基因为基本遗传单位的革命文化基因数据库;最后,以革命文物为核心,以文化基因之间的等价性为关系连线,对革命文物数字化聚合体进行构建。结果 通过对革命文物数字化聚合体的构建,形成革命文物文化基因关系网络,有助于在革命文物的创新设计应用中提供设计因子与创意思路,提高再设计的潜力。     

文化基因视角下运河文化遗产的创新设计应用

目的 为了实现运河文化遗产的活态传承,并对运河文化基因进行提取及设计应用,提出一种基于层次分析法（Analytic Hierarchy Process, AHP）和形状文法（Shape Grammar）的文化基因提取与运用的方法,并以交通工具的造型设计为例进行设计实践。方法 首先运用层次分析法建立层次结构模型和判断矩阵,对运河文化基因进行筛选排序,获得权重值较高的运河文化基因;其次运用形状文法对所提取出的文化基因进行形状推演,得出特征形状;最后将得到的特征形状转化为3D基本形体,并运用设计语言得到交通工具的造型设计方案。结论 交通工具的造型设计实例表明,应用层次分析法和形状文法,能够有效地实现运河文化基因的提取和设计应用,从而引导运河文化基因的良性变异,为运河文化遗产的创新设计应用提供新的路径和参考。     

文化基因视阈下京津地域文创产品开发对比策略

在京津两地文化资源与文化创意(后文简称文创)产品产业发展对比下,分析两地之间的文创发展差距和文化资源差异,挖掘京津文创产品中的文化基因价值与应用方法,为两地科学化、系统化、优质化发展文创产品产业寻求理论根据和指导方法。通过文化基因理论对京津两地的地域文化资源进行剖析和例证,借助文化基因的分层和分类方法将可转化为文化创意开发的部分资源进行梳理和文化定位,建立文创转化和资源开发路径。从主体基因、附着基因和混合基因的甄别应用出发,优化文创产业发展结构,提高两地文创产品的质量,帮助京津两地文创产品产业明确文化基因层次,保护、传承、创新地域特色文化。