基于无监督域适应的仿真辅助SAR目标分类方法及模型可解释性分析

卷积神经网络(CNN)在光学图像分类领域中得到广泛应用,然而,合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像样本标注难度大、成本高,难以获取满足CNN训练所需的样本数量.随着SAR仿真技术的发展,生成大量带标签的仿真SAR图像并不困难.然而仿真SAR图像样本与真实样本间难免存在差异,往往难以直接支撑实际样本的分类任务.为此,该文提出了一种...     

Could Intelligent Speed Adaptation make overtaking unsafe?

This driving simulator study investigated how mandatory and voluntary ISA might affect a driver's overtaking decisions on rural roads, by presenting drivers with a variety of overtaking scenarios designed to evaluate both the frequency and safety of the manoeuvres. In half the overtaking scenarios, ISA was active and in the remainder ISA was switched off. A rural road was modelled with a number of 2 + 1 road sections, thus allowing drivers a protected overtaking opportunity. The results indicate that drivers became less inclined to initiate an overtaking manoeuvre when the mandatory ISA was active and this was particularly so when the overtaking opportunity was short. In addition to this, when ISA was activated drivers were more likely to have to abandon an overtaking, presumably due to running out of road. They also spent more time in the critical hatched area—a potentially unsafe behaviour. The quality of the overtaking manoeuvre was also affected when mandatory ISA was active, with drivers pulling out and cutting back in more sharply. In contrast, when driving with a voluntary ISA, overtaking behaviour remained mostly unchanged: drivers disengaged the function in approximately 70% of overtaking scenarios. The results of this study suggest that mandatory ISA could affect the safety of overtaking manoeuvres unless coupled with an adaptation period or other driver support functions that support safe overtaking.     

Pay as You Speed,ISA with incentives for not speeding: A case of test driver recruitment

The Intelligent Speed Adaptation (ISA) project we describe in this article is based on Pay as You Drive principles. These principles assume that the ISA equipment informs a driver of the speed limit, warns the driver when speeding and calculates penalty points. Each penalty point entails the reduction of a 30% discount on the driver's car insurance premium, which therefore produced the name, Pay as You Speed. The ISA equipment consists of a GPS-based On Board Unit with a mobile phone connection to a web server. The project was planned for a three-year test period with 300 young car drivers, but it never succeeded in recruiting that number of drivers. After several design changes, the project eventually went forward with 153 test drivers of all ages. This number represents approximately one thousandth of all car owners in the proving ground of North Jutland in Denmark. Furthermore the project was terminated before its scheduled closing date. This article describes the project with an emphasis on recruitment efforts and the project's progress. We include a discussion of possible explanations for the failure to recruit volunteers for the project and reflect upon the general barriers to using ISA with ordinary drivers.     

Relational approach in managing construction project safety: A social capital perspective

Existing initiatives in the management of construction project safety are largely based on normative compliance and error prevention, a risk management approach. Although advantageous, these approaches are not wholly successful in further lowering accident rates. A major limitation lies with the approaches’ lack of emphasis on the social and team processes inherent in construction project settings. We advance the enquiry by invoking the concept of social capital and project organisational processes, and their impacts on project safety performance. Because social capital is a primordial concept and affects project participants’ interactions, its impact on project safety performance is hypothesised to be indirect, i.e. the impact of social capital on safety performance is mediated by organisational processes in adaptation and cooperation. A questionnaire survey was conducted within Hong Kong construction industry to test the hypotheses. 376 usable responses were received and used for analyses. The results reveal that, while the structural dimension is not significant, the mediational thesis is generally supported with the cognitive and relational dimensions affecting project participants’ adaptation and cooperation, and the latter two processes affect safety performance. However, the cognitive dimension also directly affects safety performance. The implications of these results for project safety management are discussed.     

Influence of lactate and acetate salt adaptation on Salmonella Typhimurium acid and heat resistance

The aim of the present study was to determine the survival of Salmonella Typhimurium adapted with sodium lactate (NaL), potassium lactate/sodium acetate mixture (KL/NaA) or sodium acetate (NaA) in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and during heat treatment. NaL-, KL/NaA- and NaA-adapted cells were prepared by incubating in tryptic soy broth (TSB) containing these salts at 5, 5 and 3% (w/v) concentration levels, respectively, for 24 h at 37 °C. The Baranyi model was used to compare the growth kinetic parameters of adapted cells. The acid and heat resistance of adapted cells were determined by incubating in SGF (pH 2.04) at 37 °C and in TSB at 55.8, 57.8 and 59.8 °C, respectively. Adapted cells had significantly (P < 0.05) longer lag phase duration (LPD) and slower maximum growth rate (MGR) than non-adapted cells. The acid resistance of KL/NaA-adapted cells was not significantly (P > 0.05) different from that of non-adapted cells. NaL-adapted cells were more susceptible to the low pH environment, whereas NaA-adapted cells showed enhanced acid resistance compared to non-adapted and other adapted cells. Unlike acid resistance, both NaL- and NaA-adapted cells showed enhanced heat resistance with increased D-values, regardless of treatment temperatures. Thus, this study indicates that adaptation of S. Typhimurium to 5% NaL or 3% NaA could enhance their ability to survive thermal processes or in the human stomach, possibly increasing the risk of Salmonella outbreaks.     

全球气候变化与河口城市气候脆弱性生态区划研究——以上海为例

在分析全球气候变化影响及世界主要河口城市应对策略的基础上,提出了建设资源节约型与环境友好型城市的概念、内涵、运行模式以及河口城市上海在全球变化影响下的气候脆弱性生态区划及适应性对策。     

"National Strategy on Adaptation to Climate Changes" Issued

On November 18th, 2013, the ＂National Strategy on Adaptation to Climate Changes＂ （hereafter referred to as the ＂The Strategy＂ ） jointly formulated by Nationa Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Finance Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development Ministry of Transport, Ministry of Water Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Bureau of Forestry, China Meteorologica Administration, and State Oceanic Administration was issued by the agencies with an announcement on the issuance.     

The Use of Lipids and Fatty Acids to Measure the Trophic Plasticity of the Coral Stylophora subseriata

Following up on previous investigations on the stress resistance of corals, this study assessed the trophic plasticity of the coral Stylophora subseriata in the Spermonde Archipelago (Indonesia) along an eutrophication gradient. Trophic plasticity was assessed in terms of lipid content and fatty acid composition in the holobiont relative to its plankton (50–300 μm) food as well as the zooxanthellae density, lipid, FA and chlorophyll a content. A cross-transplantation experiment was carried out for 1.5 months in order to assess the trophic potential of corals. Corals, which live in the eutrophied nearshore area showed higher zooxanthellae and chlorophyll a values and higher amounts of the dinoflagellate biomarker FA 18:4n-3. Their lipid contents were maintained at similar to levels from specimens further away from the anthropogenic impact source going up to 14.9 ± 0.9 %. A similarity percentage analysis of the groups holobiont, zooxanthellae and plankton >55 μm found that differences between the FA composition of the holobiont and zooxanthellae symbionts were more distinct in the site closer to the shore, thus heterotrophic feeding became more important. Transplanted corals attained very similar zooxanthellae, chlorophyll a and lipid values at all sites as the specimens originating from those sites, which indicates a high potential for trophic plasticity in the case of a change in food sources, which makes this species competitive and resistant to eutrophication.     

链路自适应技术在LTE中的应用

参照3GPP LTE的E-UTRA物理层规范,提出了一种链路自适应方案。实时调整传输功率以补偿信道的衰落,建立SNR-BLER曲线,在给定满足一定业务的目标BLER的条件下,找到各个MCS的SNR切换门限值,从而实现链路自适应。仿真结果表明,在保证通信质量的前提下,自适应方案比固定MCS有着明显的频谱效率增益,使无线资源得到优化配置;同时删减了频谱效率没有增益的MCS,降低系统复杂度。