空调节能的几点思考

本文简要地从设计、工况调节以及末端装置等几个方面阐述了对空调节能的几点看法。     

平面辐射空调系统在建筑节能中的应用

介绍了平面辐射空调系统在建筑节能中的应用。通过实例应用,讨论了优化建筑外围护结构子系统及毛细管平面式采暖供冷子系统的设计方法与注意事项。     

为可持续发展选择适当的冷媒

《蒙特利尔议定书》签署20周年之际,2007年9月又召开了缔约方大会。会上,各国代表努力磋商让全世界有好消息,那就是进一步加速淘汰臭氧层消耗物质（ODSs）,包括氢氯氟烃（HCFCs）,其中最广泛使用的制冷剂（又称冷媒）HCFC-22成了关注的焦点。本文回顾了蒙特利尔协议的最新规定;现今人们日益意识到气候变化的不良后果,那些通常被认为可接受的替代冷媒由于其可持续性的问题而受到质疑。本文在近期科研的基础上,以综合环境影响作为可持续发展的基本考虑,探讨了建筑空调用冷媒的各种选择方法。     

空调压缩机阀片失效分析

某空调压缩机使用约半月,压缩机中的阀自理即产生断裂。通过对空调压缩机阀片的化学成分分析、金相观察、磁粉探伤和断口扫描电镜及能谱分析,确定了阀片断裂失效方式是疲劳破坏。原材料中非金属夹杂物的存在是导致疲劳破坏的原因。用工程断裂力学研究了非金属夹杂物尺寸对阀片疲劳寿命的影响。     

医院无凝水空调系统--新一代微生物控制手段

通过控制理念与理论分析,认为无凝水空调系统创新点在于将传统的空调系统除湿与降温解耦。由于无凝水不存在细菌滋生问题;彻底消除交叉感染以及滋菌引起的气味、毒素或过敏原等。适用于卫生条件要求高,新风比较大且热湿比大的场合。在新风终状态点选择上,采用“最小新风比优先”的原则,无论在满足干工况、卫生要求方面还是在节省新风能耗上均具有优越性。     

Achievable working range for solid all-desiccant air-conditioning systems under specific space comfort requirements

Solid desiccant air-conditioning systems present a promising solution, in terms of performance level and environmental protection, pointing out their potential to be coupled with thermal solar or waste heat energy source. Nevertheless, these systems are characterized by constraints to the load they can satisfy, through the trade-off between the dehumidification cooling capacity and the latent load of the conditioned space. On that level, one has to note that, for steady environmental conditions, the conditioned space does not present unique value of load, but range of load, corresponding to an array of acceptable temperature and (usually relative) humidity values. In this work a methodology is proposed for the definition of the system's achievable working range under specific set of space (comfort) requirements. Through this approach, the systems present greater potential for covering the space requirements, thus presenting more possibilities on a design basis, and more flexible control strategies, as well. The proposed methodology is presented and discussed through the case study of a solar desiccant air-conditioning system coupled to a typical residential building.     

Solar integrated energy system for a green building

Shanghai is characteristic of subtropical monsoonal climate with the mean annual temperature of 17.6 °C, and receives annual total radiation above 4470 MJ/m² with approximately 2000 h of sunshine. A solar energy system capable of heating, cooling, natural ventilation and hot water supply has been built in Shanghai Research Institute of Building Science. The system mainly contains 150 m² solar collector arrays, two adsorption chillers, floor radiation heating pipes, finned tube heat exchangers and a hot water storage tank of 2.5 m³ in volume. It is used for heating in winter, cooling in summer, natural ventilation in spring and autumn, hot water supply in all the year for 460 m² building area. The whole system is controlled by an industrial control computer and operates automatically. Under typical weather condition of Shanghai, it is found that the average heating capacity is up to 25.04 kW in winter, the average refrigerating output reaches 15.31 kW in summer and the solar-enhanced natural ventilation air flow rate doubles in transitional seasons. The experimental investigation validated the practical effective operation of the adsorption cooling-based air-conditioning system. After 1-year operation, it is confirmed that the solar system contributes 70% total energy of the involved space for the weather conditions of Shanghai.     

移动通信基站空调系统节能措施分析

本文总结阐述基站各类空调节能项目的实践和数据比较;综合分析不同类型基站空调节能项目的优缺点,可供项目整改参考。     

Choosing heat sinks for cooling in tropical climates

Efforts to limit CO₂emissions from buildings in the tropics either focus on reducing energy demand, i.e., air-conditioning, or on replacing fossil with renewable sources. The link between energy demand and supply is often overlooked, especially the effect of the temperature lift of air-conditioning systems on energy consumption. But while heat and humidity gains define energy demand, operating temperatures of the system define the necessary energy input. We aim to transfer our experience of using the LowEx paradigm for heat pump systems in moderate climates to the tropical climate of Singapore. In this paper, we took a systematic overview of a range of heat sinks, to which we refer to as anergy sinks. We analysed their thermal properties and their effect on the performance of air-conditioning systems, expressed as COP. The predominantly used dry air-cooled condenser units performed worst, especially when subject to a stack effect in (semi-)confined spaces. The performance is highest for cooling towers using the wet bulb temperature followed by water body based anergy sinks and the soil. The wide spread of results confirms that the heat rejection temperature is a decisive factor for the performance of the overall cooling system and the input of primary energy.     

工厂空调风机的节能分析

针对工厂空调通风系统中的风机耗能现状进行分析,阐述空调风机节能的基本原理和可行性、以及通过控制风量节约电能的方式,总结运用变频调速的方法,适时调节风机风量,节能效果显著,经济效益可观.