Multi-scale weighted gradient-based fusion for multi-focus images

Anisotropic blur and mis-registration frequently happen in multi-focus images due to object or camera motion. These factors severely degrade the fusion quality of multi-focus images. In this paper, we present a novel multi-scale weighted gradient-based fusion method to solve this problem. This method is based on a multi-scale structure-based focus measure that reflects the sharpness of edge and corner structures at multiple scales. This focus measure is derived based on an image structure saliency and introduced to determine the gradient weights in the proposed gradient-based fusion method for multi-focus images with a novel multi-scale approach. In particular, we focus on a two-scale scheme, i.e., a large scale and a small scale, to effectively solve the fusion problems raised by anisotropic blur and mis-registration. The large-scale structure-based focus measure is used first to attenuate the impacts of anisotropic blur and mis-registration on the focused region detection, and then the gradient weights near the boundaries of the focused regions are carefully determined by applying the small-scale focus measure. Experimental results clearly demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the conventional fusion methods in the presence of anisotropic blur and mis-registration.     

Triaxiality at crack tip for combined Lankford's coefficient and degree of anisotropy subjected to mixed-mode (I/II) fracture

Structural parts used in boilers, turbines, ships, and many household purposes are manufactured through sheet metal forming processes. During manufacturing, the micro structure of the material is deformed and micro cracks along with anisotropic properties get induced. Present research deals with a thin sheet metal plate containing a central crack subjected to mixed mode (I+II) loading. With special reference to Lankford's coefficient and degree of anisotropy, the effect of anisotropic triaxiality on crack initiation angle has been investigated. The result reveals the combinations of Lankford's coefficient and degree of anisotropy for which crack initiation angle do not change.     

Effect of material scatter on the plastic behavior and stretchability in sheet metal forming

Robust design of forming processes is gaining attention throughout the industry. To analyze the robustness of a sheet metal forming process using finite element (FE) simulations, an accurate input in terms of parameter scatter is required. This paper presents a pragmatic, accurate and economic approach for measuring and modeling one of the main inputs, i.e. material properties and its associated scattering.For the purpose of this research, samples of 41 coils of a forming steel DX54D+Z (EN 10327:2004) from multiple casts have been collected. Fully determining the stochastic material behavior to the required accuracy for modeling in FE simulations would require many mechanical experiments. Instead, the present work combines mechanical testing and texture analysis to limit the required effort. Moreover, use is made of the correlations between the material parameters to efficiently model the material property scatter for use in the numerical robustness analysis. The proposed approach is validated by the forming of a series of cup products using the collected material. The observed experimental scatter can be reproduced efficiently using FE simulations, demonstrating the potential of the modeling approach and robustness analysis in general.     

Non-axisymmetric Biot consolidation analysis of multi-layered saturated poroelastic materials with anisotropic permeability

To start with, an analytical layer-element (i.e., a symmetric stiffness matrix), which describes the relationship between the generalized displacements and the stress levels of a layer subjected to non-axisymmetric loading, is exactly derived in the transformed domain by the application of a Laplace–Hankel transform with respect to variables t and r, a Fourier expansion with respect to variable θ, and a Laplace transform and its inversion with respect to variable z, based on the governing equations of Biot’s consolidation of multi-layered saturated poroelastic materials with anisotropic permeability. The analytical layer-element experiences considerable improvement in computation efficiency and stability, since it only contains negative exponential functions in its elements. In addition, a global stiffness matrix for multi-layered saturated poroelastic media is obtained by assembling the interrelated layer-elements based on the continuity conditions between adjacent layers. By introducing the boundary conditions and solving the global stiffness matrix, the solutions in the Laplace–Hankel transformed domain are obtained, and the final solutions can be recovered by a numerical inversion of the Laplace–Hankel transform. Finally, numerical examples are presented to verify the theory and to study the effect of the property of anisotropic permeability on vertical displacements and excess pore pressure. The calculation results show that the property of anisotropic permeability has a great influence on the process of consolidation.     

The mechanical,thermophysical and electromagnetic properties of UD SiCf/SiC composites in different directions

Unidirectional (UD) silicon carbide (SiC) fiber-reinforced SiC matrix (UD SiC_f/SiC) composites with CVI BN interphase were fabricated by polymer infiltration-pyrolysis (PIP) process. The effects of the anisotropic distribution of SiC fibers on the mechanical properties, thermophysical properties and electromagnetic properties of UD SiC_f/SiC composites in different directions were studied. In the direction parallel to the axial direction of SiC fibers, SiC fibers bear the load and BN interphase ensures the interface debonding, so the flexural strength and the fracture toughness of the UD SiC_f/SiC composites are 813.0 ± 32.4 MPa and 26.1 ± 2.9 MPa·m^1/2, respectively. In the direction perpendicular to the axial direction of SiC fibers, SiC fibers cannot bear the load and the low interfacial bonding strengths between SiC fiber/BN interphase (F/I) and BN interphase/SiC matrix (I/M) both decrease the matrix cracking stress, so the corresponding values are 36.6 ± 6.9 MPa and 0.9 ± 0.5 MPa?m^1/2, respectively. The thermal expansion behaviors of UD SiC_f/SiC composites are similar to those of SiC fibers in the direction parallel to the axial direction of SiC fibers, and are similiar to those of SiC matrix in the direction perpendicular to the axial direction of SiC fibers. The total electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EM SE_T) of UD SiC_f/SiC composites attains 32 dB and 29 dB when the axial direction of SiC fibers is perpendicular and parallel to the electric field direction, respectively. The difference of conductivity in different directions is the main reason causing the different SE_T. And the dominant electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding mechanism is absorption for both studied directions.     

一种用各向异性扩散方程抑制SAR相干斑噪声的方法

本文提出了一种基于各向异性扩散偏微分方程抑制合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像的相干斑噪声的算法,简称DSADE算法。本算法根据SAR图像的局部特征在均匀区域各向同性扩散,边缘细节区域各向异性扩散,不仅可以很好地保持边缘细节信息,而且可以对其进行增强。实验结果表明,本算法不仅有效抑制了SAR图像的相干斑噪声,保持并增强了边缘细节,而且有着良好的图像视觉效果。     

高浓度颗粒气固两相流动的二阶矩模型的数值模拟

采用动理学方法,用各向异性的M axwell颗粒速度分布函数,建立颗粒相Boltzm ann方程,分别取零次矩、一次矩和二次矩得到颗粒相连续方程、动量方程和二阶矩方程.模拟计算得到上升管内颗粒流场分布和脉动速度分布,与实验结果比较表明:各向异性颗粒动理学能够反映颗粒流动特性,从而能够更全面地认识高颗粒浓度气固两相流动过程.     

Advances in statistical mechanics of rock masses and its engineering applications

To efficiently link the continuum mechanics for rocks with the structural statistics of rock masses,a theoretical and methodological system called the statistical mechanics of rock masses(SMRM)was developed in the past three decades.In SMRM,equivalent continuum models of stressestrain relationship,strength and failure probability for jointed rock masses were established,which were based on the geometric probability models characterising the rock mass structure.This follows the statistical physics,the continuum mechanics,the fracture mechanics and the weakest link hypothesis.A general constitutive model and complete stressestrain models under compressive and shear conditions were also developed as the derivatives of the SMRM theory.An SMRM calculation system was then developed to provide fast and precise solutions for parameter estimations of rock masses,such as full-direction rock quality designation(RQD),elastic modulus,Coulomb compressive strength,rock mass quality rating,and Poisson’s ratio and shear strength.The constitutive equations involved in SMRM were integrated into a FLAC3D based numerical module to apply for engineering rock masses.It is also capable of analysing the complete deformation of rock masses and active reinforcement of engineering rock masses.Examples of engineering applications of SMRM were presented,including a rock mass at QBT hydropower station in northwestern China,a dam slope of Zongo II hydropower station in D.R.Congo,an open-pit mine in Dexing,China,an underground powerhouse of Jinping I hydropower station in southwestern China,and a typical circular tunnel in Lanzhou-Chongqing railway,China.These applications verified the reliability of the SMRM and demonstrated its applicability to broad engineering issues associated with jointed rock masses.     

正弦波纹板第二主刚度的补正

由各向同性材料构成的构造上各向异性板,如正弦波纹板,当板厚达到一定数值时,Seydel的第二主向刚度公式不再适用。依据平板的抗弯刚度公式,提出等效惯性矩的思想,构造适应较厚波纹板的第二主刚度公式。通过对四边简支的波纹板的计算和实验测量,证明在板较薄时Seydel的公式较适用,而当板厚尺寸增加到一定值时,文中给出的第二主刚度公式接近实验值。     

复合材料型超声直线电机的研究

本文提出了一种利用复合材料CFRP(CarbonFiberReinforcedPlastics)的新型超声直线电机。这种电机基于纤维单向排列时CFRP的正交各向异性特点,利用压电振子激励CFRP产生倾斜振动,通过导轨表面的反作用力推动电机移动,结构简单,易于制造。文中阐述了这种电机的结构、工作原理、动力学方程、固有频率计算公式以及电机的特性曲线