Conflict Urbanism,Aleppo: Mapping Urban Damage

One of the oldest continuously inhabited cities on the planet, Aleppo now lies in tatters. This devastation of a designated World Heritage Site is a poignant example of the human and cultural cost of armed conflict – in this case the Syrian Civil War. A project run by the Center for Spatial Research at the Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation of New York's Columbia University is analysing satellite imagery and reports from the ground to assess the damage and casualties caused there by barrel bombs. Associate Professor Laura Kurgan describes the initiative and its sometimes puzzling findings.     

Investigation of a Novel Catalyst Coated Membrane Method to Prepare Low‐Platinum‐Loading Membrane Electrode Assemblies for PEMFCs

In this work, a novel catalyst coated membrane (CCM) approach–a catalyst‐sprayed membrane under irradiation (CSMUI)–was developed to prepare MEAs for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) application. Catalyst ink was sprayed directly onto the membrane and an infrared light was used simultaneously to evaporate the solvents. The resultant MEAs prepared by this method yielded very high performance. Based on this approach, the preparation of low‐platinum‐content MEAs was investigated. It was found that for the anode, even if the platinum loading was decreased from 0.2 to 0.03 mg cm^–2, only a very small performance decrease was observed; for the cathode, when the platinum loading was decreased from 0.3 to 0.15 mg cm^–2, just a 5% decrease was detected at 0.7 V, but a 35% decrease was observed when the loading was decreased from 0.15 to 0.06 mg cm^–2. These results indicate that this approach is much better than the catalyst coated gas diffusion layer (GDL) method, especially for the preparation of low‐platinum‐content MEAs. SEM and EIS measurements indicated ample interfacial contact between the catalyst layer and the membrane.     

纳米颗粒材料的制备及其组装

较系统地介绍了纳米颗粒材料制备的一般方法及其特点,对纳米颗粒材料的组装研究现状作了介绍,并展望了纳米颗粒晶的应用前景。     

均苯四甲酸酯衍生物小分子凝胶剂的合成研究

设计合成了一种新型的以π?π堆积为主导作用力的凝胶因子,通过生成均苯四甲酸酯的形式来减少氢键作用位点,以均苯四甲酸二酐为母核结构与不同碳链长度的醇反应,成功合成了一系列不同碳链长度的均苯四甲酸酯的凝胶因子衍生物,进而探讨了这些凝胶因子衍生物在常见的不同有机溶剂中形成凝胶的性能。流变学测试显示,该凝胶体系的弹性模量比储能模量高一个数量级,有很好的机械性能,并且呈现出典型的类固体的流变学行为。傅里叶红外光谱、核磁共振谱、扫描电镜及DSC结果表明,凝胶中凝胶剂分子形成纤维状的自组装聚集体,以均苯四甲酸二酐为母核结构的凝胶剂分子中π?π堆积的弱相互作用力以及分子间的范德华力是形成该凝胶的主要驱动力,形成的聚集体相互缠绕,最终形成三维网络结构阻碍溶剂流动从而形成凝胶。     

扶正器钻具组合在定向井施工中的应用

本文介绍了单扶钻具组合、双扶钻具组合的特点及用途,分析了影响井眼轨迹控制的因素,并结合现场应用,分析了扶正器钻具组合对定向井施工的影响。实钻结果表明调整单扶正器组合中扶正器的安放位置,可以获得理想的稳斜效果,既能保证井下安全,又能实现定向钻井的目的,是理想的钻具选择。     

自组装润滑膜体系的研究进展

介绍了有机聚合物类自组装润滑技术、自组装润滑膜体系的类型、影响润滑膜自组装行为的因素和自组装润滑膜的主要表征方法,提出了该领域今后的发展方向及需要解决的重点课题。     

An investigation into design and manufacturing of mechanical conveyors systems for food processing

This paper presents the results of a research investigation undertaken to develop methodologies and techniques that will reduce the cost and time of the design, manufacturing and assembly of mechanical conveyor systems used in the food and beverage industry. The improved methodology for design and production of conveyor components is based on the minimisation of materials, parts and costs, using the rules of design for manufacture and design for assembly. Results obtained on a test conveyor system verify the benefits of using the improved techniques. The overall material cost was reduced by 19% and the overall assembly cost was reduced by 20% compared to conventional methods.     

Generation of assembly models from kinematic constraints

In this paper, we propose a new joint-based assembly modeling method. In joint-based assembly modeling, the assembly constraints are specified on the components, but not on the geometric elements of the components. The proposed method generates assembly models from kinematic joint constraints by applying three procedures (1) to extract all feasible JMFs (Joint Mating Feature) for each mating component using information on joint constraints, (2) to derive mating alternatives for each pair of mating components after reducing the number of JMFs using the pruning criteria, and (3) to generate an assembly model by choosing the intended one from the mating alternatives for each pair of mating components and solving the JMF constraints. Since the joint constraints are expressed in terms of the relations between components rather than relations between geometric elements, the proposed method is more intuitive and natural for assembly modeling and supports modeling activities effectively by minimizing user interactions. By using joint mating constraints for assembly modeling, moreover, the kinematic behaviors of assemblies determined in the conceptual design stage can be directly applied and consistently maintained up to the detailed design stage. In the proposed method, it is also not necessary to re-input the mating constraints even when the component topology is changed.     

可拆装理论在展览设备设计中的应用

展览业是一个飞速发展的行业，它极大的促进了经济的发展。但我国展览设施也存在许多问题。这里通过对可拆卸设计和可装配设计的介绍，提出了在展览设备的设计过程中采用可拆卸与可装配设计的必要性，并介绍了一些设计原则。提出可拆装设计是实现资源可持续发展的设计。     

蝶阀加工及装配工艺的研究

传统工艺加工阀体、活门时，对机床的性能要求较高，一般为数控镗床。介绍了一种采用普通镗床加工阀体、活门的工艺方法及蝶阀在厂内装配的工艺方法。