高温预析出对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu铝合金显微组织、强度和应力腐蚀抗力的影响

通过改变固溶条件 ,对Al Zn Mg Cu高强铝合金采用先高温后低温的两步固溶处理 (高温预析出 )来改善晶内和晶界的析出状态 ,研究了高温预析出对Al Zn Mg Cu铝合金的金相组织、强度和应力腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明 ,4 6 5℃高温预析出在保持较高强度和塑性的同时 ,可以改善合金的抗应力腐蚀性能     

Thermodynamic reassessment of the Cd−Zn system

The Cd−Zn system has been thermodynamically reassessed with the CALPHAD method by combining more recent experimental data, in particular the activities of zinc in the liquid phase. A good agreement is obtained between the calculated and experimental thermodynamic parameters as well asphase boundaries.     

Nano-composite ZrO2/Au film electrode for voltammetric detection of parathion

This work describes the fabrication of ZrO₂/Au nano-composite films and its application for voltammetric detection of organophosphate pesticides. The nano-composite ZrO₂/Au film was prepared through a combination of sol–gel procedure and electroless plating that can be carried out in a general chemistry lab with no need for special facilities and reagents. The sensing performance of the ZrO₂/Au nano-composite film electrode toward parathion was studied with square wave voltammetry. The nano-ZrO₂ showed a strong affinity toward the phosphate group on parathion molecules, which provides sensitivity and selectivity of the sensing film. A linear relationship was obtained between the peak currents and the concentration of parathion, with a detection limit for standard samples of 3 ng/ml. In addition, interference studies showed that structurally similar compounds without phosphate groups would not interfere with the response toward parathion of the film electrode.     

Ordered mesoporous Pd/SnO2 synthesized by a nanocasting route for high hydrogen sensing performance

Ordered mesoporous SnO₂ and mesoporous Pd/SnO₂ have been successfully synthesized via nanocasting method using the hexagonal mesoporous SBA-15 as template. Two different procedures, impregnation technique and direct synthesis, were utilized for the doping of Pd in the mesoporous SnO₂. The results of small angle X-ray diffraction (SAXD), nitrogen adsorption–desorption and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) demonstrate that the SnO₂ and Pd/SnO₂ display ordered mesoporous structures and high surface areas. Wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) reveal tetragonal structure of SnO₂ and the existence of Pd element. The sensing properties of mesoporous SnO₂ and mesoporous Pd/SnO₂ for H₂ were detected. The sensor utilizing mesoporous Pd/SnO₂ via direct synthesis method exhibits excellent response and recovery behavior and much higher sensitivity to H₂, compared to those using mesoporous SnO₂ and mesoporous Pd/SnO₂ via impregnation technique. It is believed that its high gas sensing performance is derived from the large surface area, high activity and well dispersion of Pd additive, as well as high porosity, which lead to highly effective surface interaction between the target gas molecules and the surface active sites.     

Identification of Pd3+ ions in zeolite L by temperature programmed reduction and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy

Pd supported on KL zeolite has been studied by temperature programmed reduction (TPR) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. It has been found that upon calcination in pure oxygen Pd³⁺ and Pd²⁺ ions are formed; the Pd³⁺ ions are identified by their EPR signal. As Pd³⁺ ions in the cancrinite cages are difficult to reduce, the H₂ consumption in conventional TPR is below the stoichiometric amount.     

Electro-oxidation of dimethyl ether on Pt/C and PtMe/C catalysts in sulfuric acid

The electro-oxidation of dimethyl ether (DME) on PtMe/Cs (Me = Ru, Sn, Mo, Cr, Ni, Co, and W) and Pt/C electro-catalysts were investigated in an aqueous half-cell, and compared to the methanol oxidation. The addition of a second metal enhanced the tolerance of Pt to the poisonous species during the DME oxidation reaction (DOR). The PtRu/C electro-catalyst showed the best electro-catalytic activity and the highest tolerance to the poisonous species in the low over-potential range (<0.55 V, 50 °C) among the binary electro-catalysts and the Pt/C, but at the higher potential (>ca. 0.55 V, 50 °C), the Pt/C behaved better than PtRu/C. The apparent activation energy for the DOR decreased in the order: PtRu/C (57 kJ mol⁻¹) > Pt₃Sn/C (48 kJ mol⁻¹) ≈ Pt/C (46 kJ mol⁻¹). On the other hand, the activation energy for the MOR showed a different turn, decreased in the following order: Pt/C (43 kJ mol⁻¹) > Pt₃Sn/C (35 kJ mol⁻¹) ≈ PtRu/C (34 kJ mol⁻¹). The temperature dependence of the DOR was greater than that of the oxidation of methanol (MOR) on the PtRu/C.     

Local structural characterization of Zn:Cd:Se ternary semiconductors

We have studied the local atomic structure around Zn and Cd, in CdSe, ZnSe, and ordered and disordered Zn_0.5Cd_0.5Se thin films, grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and atomic layer epitaxy (ALE) using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Zn K-shell X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) shows that the Zn–Se pair nearest neighbor distance is the same in both ordered and disordered ternary samples. This result shows that the ordered (or disordered growth) does not have a significant effect in the nearest neighbor Zn environment. However, results from K-shell Cd XAFS show that the Cd–Se pair nearest neighbor distance in the Zn_0.5Cd_0.5Se ordered film exhibits a contraction compared to the same pair distance in the disordered Zn_0.5Cd_0.5Se sample and the binary CdSe compound. This suggests that the shortest Zn–Se nearest neighbor distance regulates the Cd–Se nearest neighbor distance in the ternary compounds, when these are grown in an ordered, layer by layer, fashion.     

焚烧炉烟气中铅、锌、苯并(a)芘的测定

建立了用电感耦合等离子体光谱法(ICP-AES)和高效液相色谱法(HPLC)分别测定焚烧炉烟气中铅(Pb)、锌(Zn)和苯并(a)芘(BaP)的分析方法。研究了烟尘及玻璃纤维滤筒的预处理，测定Pb、Zn、BaP时基体的干扰与消除，并给出Pb、Zn的干扰校正系数。实验测得Pb、Zn和BaP的回收率超过84％，相对标准偏差Pb为3．51％，Zn为7．28%，BaP为4．30％。实验结果表明，该分析方法可以满足焚烧炉运行中的监测需要．     

Surface Plasmon Resonance Enhanced Scattering of Au Colloidal Nanoparticles

Abstract Suspended gold nanoparticles have been synthesized via electrochemical method.The strongest resonance scattering peak is at 485 nm, which results from the surface plasmonresonance. When the excited wavelength is at 242 nm (12.4×10~(14) Hz), there have been a 1/2fraction frequency scattering peak at 485 nm (1/2×12.4×10~(14) Hz) and a 1/3 fraction frequencyscattering peak at 726 nm (1/3×12.4×10~(14) Hz) displayed. Emission spectra with different particlediameters were compared, the intensity of scattering light increases with the particle size. Thefrequency-dependent scattering average cross section of small particle was calculated from Mietheory. The model calculation is in agreement with the experimental results.