半导体锗纳米团簇和纳米层的生成与结构研究

我们在硅锗合金衬底上采用氧化等制膜方式生成零维和二维的纳米结构样品，用高精度椭偏仪(HPE)、卢瑟福背散射谱仪(RBS)和高分辨率扫描透射电子显微镜(HR-STEM)测量样品的纳米结构，并采用美国威思康新州立大学开发的Rump模拟软件对卢瑟福背散射谱(RBS)中的CHANNEL谱和RANDoM谱分别进行精细结构模拟，测量并计算出纳米氧化层与锗的纳米薄膜结构分布，并且反馈控制加工过程，优化硅锗半导体材料纳米结构样品的加工条件。我们测量出样品横断面锗纳米团簇和纳米层的PL发光谱。我们在硅锗合金的氧化层表面中首次发现纳米锗量子点组成的几个纳米厚的盖帽膜结构，我们首次提出的生成硅锗纳米结构的优化加工条件的氧化时间和氧化温度匹配公式的理论模型与实验结果拟合得很好。     

碳纳米管负载纳米硫化锌的制备与表征

利用微波辅助加热法,将表面功能化的多壁碳纳米管分散在乙二醇溶液中,并使醋酸锌与硫化钠在此溶液中反应,生成的纳米硫化锌粒子原位生长在碳纳米管的表面。生成的纳米硫化锌粒子密集分散在碳纳米管表面,粒子平均直径大约为1 nm。所生成的碳纳米管负载纳米硫化锌通过电子显微镜、X射线衍射分析,发现溶液中的碳纳米管不仅起到了负载基体的作用,而且在反应中改变了硫化锌的晶体结构。     

D320树脂对Au(Ⅲ)的吸附性能研究

研究了D320树脂从酸性含金氯化溶液中吸附金的性能,考察了吸附时间、pH值、温度、氯离子浓度等因素对树脂吸附金的影响.结果表明,在pH=1时树脂的吸附效果最佳,静态饱和吸附容量可达到244.9mg/g(Au/干树脂),温度越高越有利于吸附,反应热焓△H=28.72kJ·mol-1.吸附平衡服从Freundish吸附等温式.用8%硫脲-1mol/L H2SO4混合液可以将树脂上的金完全解析.     

聚合物乳液粒子制备纳米多孔增透膜

采用提拉法在载玻片上沉积了PMMA/PS混合乳液粒子,用环己烷选择性地溶解掉表层PS粒子,制备了孔隙率从表向里梯度变化的纳米粒子增透膜,在578 nm处透过率可达99.5%;研究了两种聚合物纳米粒子的比例及环己烷浸泡时间对增透性能的影响。本方法可用于大面积和不规则基材上制备增透膜,并解决了提拉法成膜的粒子堆积紧密、孔隙率低且不易调节的缺点,使粒子膜的透过率大幅度提高。     

超声电铸镍-氧化铈纳米复合材料的研究

在电铸工艺中引入超声波,制备了Ni-CeO2纳米复合材料,考察了超声波对电铸速率、电流效率的影响,并对纳米复合材料的表面形貌和显微硬度进行了分析和测试。结果表明,超声波可以提高电铸速率和电流效率,使CeO2纳米颗粒更加均匀地弥散于纳米复合材料中。与无超声下制备的Ni-CeO2纳米复合材料相比,超声作用下制备的纳米复合材料的晶粒得到细化,其组织更加均匀致密、表面更平整,纳米复合材料的显微硬度明显提高。     

Well‐Defined Protein‐Based Supramolecular Nanoparticles with Excellent MRI Abilities for Multifunctional Delivery Systems

Protein‐based nanoparticles are widely used for effective biomedical applications. The objective of this work is to design series of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐visible cationic supramolecular nanoparticles (PGEA@BSA‐Ad/Gd³⁺) based on bovine serum albumin (BSA) and β‐cyclodextrin‐cored star ethanolamine‐functionalized poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (CD‐PGEA) in the presence of Gd³⁺ ions for multifunctional delivery systems. CD‐PGEA is prepared via atom transfer radical polymerization and ring‐opening reaction. It is found that in the absence of Gd³⁺ ions, CD‐PGEA does not well interact with adamantine‐modified BSA (BSA‐Ad). The well‐defined PGEA@BSA‐Ad/Gd³⁺ supramolecular nanoparticles could be produced through the synergistic actions of the host–guest and electrostatic self‐assemblies by mixing aqueous solutions of CD‐PGEA, BSA‐Ad, and Gd³⁺. In comparison with CD‐PGEA assembly units, such kinds of uniform PGEA@BSA‐Ad/Gd³⁺ supramolecular nanoparticles exhibit better pDNA condensation ability, lower cytotoxicity, higher gene transfection, and easier cellular uptake. In addition, PGEA@BSA‐Ad/Gd³⁺ also produces outstanding MRI abilities, much better than Magnevist (Gd‐diethylenetriaminepentacetate acid). The present design of protein–polymer supramolecular nanoparticles with MRI contrast agents would provide a new way for multifunctional gene/drug delivery systems.     

Theranostic Agent Combining Fullerene Nanocrystals and Gold Nanoparticles for Photoacoustic Imaging and Photothermal Therapy

Developing photoactivatable theranostic platforms with integrated functionalities of biocompatibility, targeting, imaging contrast, and therapy is a promising approach for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Here, we report a theranostic agent based on a hybrid nanoparticle comprising fullerene nanocrystals and gold nanoparticles (FGNPs) for photoacoustic imaging and photothermal therapy. Compared to gold nanoparticles and fullerene crystals, FGNPs exhibited stronger photoacoustic signals and photothermal heating characteristics by irradiating light with an optimal wavelength. Our studies demonstrated that FGNPs could kill cancer cells due to their photothermal heating characteristics in vitro. Moreover, FGNPs that are accumulated in tumor tissue via the enhanced permeation and retention effect can visualize tumor tissue due to their photoacoustic signal in tumor xenograft model mice. The theranostic agent with FGNPs shows promise for cancer therapy.     

Au纳米粒子二维周期阵列的LSPR消光特性分析

采用离散偶极子近似(DDA)方法,对不同间距的Au纳米粒子阵列在不同介质情况下的消光特性进行仿真分析。分析结果表明,消光峰值波长和强度随纳米粒子间距的减小而增大,但在间距较大的情况下折射率灵敏度基本不变。实验测量结果也表明,不同的密度分布的Au纳米球阵列对应了基本相同的折射率灵敏度。因此,在纳米粒子间距较大时,纳米粒子阵列局部分布的不均匀不会改变整体的折射率灵敏度,相同的消光峰值波长红移量对应相同的介质折射率变化量。     

纳米粒子几何结构对膨胀型防火涂料阻燃和抑烟性能的影响

为了研究纳米粒子几何结构对膨胀型防火涂料阻燃和抑烟性能的影响,以聚磷酸铵(APP)-季戊四醇(PER)-三聚氰胺(MEL)-硼酸三聚氰胺(MB)为阻燃体系,硅丙乳液为成膜物质,分别添加球形纳米二氧化硅(Si O2)、经硅烷偶联剂KH560改性的管状碳纳米管(KH560–CNT)和片状水滑石(LDH)制备了3种水性膨胀型防火涂料。采用小室法、隧道法及模拟大板法研究了涂层的防火阻燃性能,再结合热重分析、扫描电镜分析和能谱分析,考察了涂层的热解性能和炭层结构。结果表明,球形Si O2和片状LDH能有效增强防火涂料的阻燃和抑烟性能,表现出较好的协效作用;管状KH560–CNT则会恶化防火涂料的阻燃和抑烟性能,表现出对抗作用。当纳米填料的质量分数为0.5%时,片状LDH表现出最优的协效作用,火焰传播比值为12.5,烟密度等级为14.1%。这是因为它能促进涂层在燃烧过程中形成更多的含磷和含硼交联结构,有效增强了炭层的致密性、连续性和隔热性能。