逆变弧焊电源中变压器的偏磁与防护

分析了全桥式逆变孤焊电源中变压器产生偏磁的原因及危害；阐述了在变压器一次侧串联电容或设置自动纠偏电路等防止偏磁的原理和方法。     

晶界对低压电解电容器铝箔腐蚀结构的影响

采用扫描电子显微镜和背散射电子取向成像技术分析研究了低压电解电容器用阳极铝箔的腐蚀结构、晶粒尺寸和晶界分布对比电容的影响及相关机理.结果表明,在铝箔的晶界附近,尤其是大角度晶界附近容易出现尺寸较大的腐蚀孔坑或沟道,造成腐蚀结构的不均匀性并降低比电容.该晶界优先腐蚀的现象起因于晶界的高缺陷密度和与之相应的腐蚀电流密度的局部集中.增加晶界密度可以降低杂质原子偏聚程度和电流密度分布的不均匀性,因此在一些特定的电化学腐蚀条件下可以借助减小晶粒尺寸的方式提高比电容.     

Separation of oxide inclusions from liquid metal in an applied electrostatic field

It is known that oxide inclusions in liquid metal carry mostly positive charges on their surfaces. In an electrostatic field, therefore, such charged particles suspended in a liquid metal experience forces and accumulate in the region of the negatively charged surface, resulting in the separation of oxide inclusions from the liquid metal. In this study, this principle was experimentally demonstrated for the case of a capacitor cell by the imposition of a d.c. potential on electrodes. The capacitor cell consisted of a dielectric container of Pyrex tube, a high voltage d.c. source, and two electrodes, which were symmetrically attached onto the outer surface of the Pyrex. tube. Experiments were carried out for suspensions of liquid tin/metal oxides, such as SnO₂, WO₃, and PbO under an applied potential of up to 12 kV. All experimental results were in good agreement with the theoretical prediction and showed that the degree of separation was significantly increased with the applied potential.     

微量Mg对高压电子铝箔腐蚀结构的影响

采用立方织构定量检测以及扫描电子显微镜下观察腐蚀结构等手段, 对比了不同微量Mg元素含量的高压电解电容器阳极铝箔在织构和腐蚀结构上的差别, 研究了Mg含量对高压电解电容器阳极铝箔比电容的影响. 分析表明 Mg含量从0.0001%提高到0.0014%时, Mg会更多富集于铝箔表面, 促使腐蚀形成的氧化膜中出现含Mg的复合氧化物微小颗粒, 进而引起腐蚀隧道的侧向发展; 频繁的侧向发展可导致表层腐蚀组织剥落, 进而使铝箔在500 V的比电容从7.3×10-3 F/m2降低到4.3×10-3 F/m2.     

数显电容高低调节器的原理与应用

火焰切割机的配套部件--电容高低调节器由电容传感器、放大比较电路、光耦合与电机驱动电路和阶梯比较译码显示电路组成.详细叙述其各单元电路结构,信号走向,整体设备的基本工作原理以及在火焰切割中的实际应用.     

Performance of positive and negative electrodes in amorphous manganese oxide supercapacitor

Using potassium permanganate and acetic manganese as the reactants, amorphous manganese oxide was prepared with mechanochemical method. XRD was used for microstructure characterization, while cyclic voltammetry and constant current charge-discharge were used for electrochemical performance testing. The positive electrode （PE） and negative electrode （NE） were investigated respectively in amorphous manganese oxide supercapacitor, aiming to find their different performances in charging-discharging. The results show that the crystalline structure is destroyed in both the PE and NE material during charge-discharge process. Thereinto, the NE suffers a bit more seriously. When cycling, the PE potential scope diminishes while the NE potential scope enlarges. The increased inner resistance makes the NE curves almost bended to be a right angle, but not the PE curves. The cell＇s equivalent series resistance （ESR） is more dependent on the NE, and the capacitance is mainly determined by the rapid descent of the NE potential range. The capacitances of the NE are highly rate-dependent, decreasing from 121.3 to 53.1 F/g, by 56.2%, over the range of 5-25 mV/s. However, the PE appears to be weakly dependent and its capacitance is only dropped by 22.1%.     

基于混合遗传算法的去耦电容网络设计

结合基于目标阻抗的设计方法,将混合遗传算法应用于PDN(电源分配网络)的去耦电容网络设计,对所需去耦电容器的种类和数目进行优化计算,同时与标准遗传算法和传统设计方法进行对比,借助Cadence电源完整性仿真工具验证设计结果的有效性和合理性。避免了传统设计需要借助EDA工具进行反复修改和验证的繁琐过程,同时减少了设计冗余,节省了PCB布局布线空间,为高频电路的PDN设计提供参考。     

独立光伏系统中超级电容充电控制策略研究

针对应用在独立光伏系统中的超级电容模组,提出采用Buck变换器对其进行充电,在充电过程中,进行过压保护,未达到额定电压时采用扰动观察法对光伏阵列进行最大功率点跟踪（MPPT）控制,仿真结果表明了充电过程中能跟踪光伏阵列的最大功率点,且具有过压保护功能。     

高空湿度探测用加热式湿度传感器的研制

为实现高空高湿环境下对湿度的准确测量,本文设计和研究了集成加热功能的湿度传感器,在探空仪进行高空湿度探过程中利用两只加热式湿度传感器进行轮流加热除湿和湿度测量。通过对聚酰亚胺湿敏材料进行改性和合成,设计和制作了加热式的电容型湿度传感器,其灵敏度为0.2195 pF/%RH、响应时间小于1 s、湿滞为4.8%RH、半年漂移量在±0.3%RH以内。通过分析不同温度下的加热恢复时间,制定了加热式湿度传感器轮流工作的机制,轮流加热时间和周期分别为2s和120 s。并利用数据采集电路以及GPS探空仪对加热式湿度传感器进行了地面静态性能和高空动态性能测试,其高空湿度探测结果与VA SALA RS92的显示出较好的一致性和较低的湿度误差。本文研制的加热式湿度传感器能具有良好的地面性能,实现了交替加热除湿和湿度测量的功能,具有高空湿度探测的应用潜力。     

超大规模集成电路电源完整性设计中的滤波电容选择

集成电路技术的迅速发展,对电源完整性设计提出了更高的要求,设计者通常通过放置各种电容来降低电源噪声以及应对负载瞬态大电流的需求。讨论了电容技术发展对电源完整性设计带来的影响,同时通过对几种典型电容特性的分析,给出了在电源完整性设计中合理选择使用各种滤波电容的解决方案。