ENIG焊点的失效机理及镀层重工方法研究

采用显微形貌、微观结构和元素成分分析等物理分析方法,以不同类型的化镍浸金(electroless nickel/immersion gold,ENIG)基板为对象,分析了其焊点在不同情形下的失效模式和失效机理,阐述了"黑盘"缺陷的主要失效特征,研究了具有黑盘缺陷的化镍浸金基板的重工工艺.研究结果显示,Ni层断裂表面单一的高P含量或轻微Ni层腐蚀不能作为黑盘缺陷的唯一依据,已形成良好金属间化合物(intermetallic compound,IMC)层的Ni层腐蚀位置的焊接界面仍具有良好的机械结合强度,采用喷锡工艺(hot air solder level,HASL)对具有黑盘缺陷的化镍浸金基板进行重新处理切实可行.     

后桥壳密封胶施胶数控四轴施胶机的开发研制

以"胶"代"垫"的制造工艺可靠性良好,目前正在各行业推广应用,汽车底盘系统的后驱动桥的后桥壳中间法兰面与减速器总成装配结合面的密封胶也是以"胶"代"垫"技术的实际应用之一。数控四轴施胶机的开发研制项目的成功完成,有效地解决了人工手动施胶劳动强度大、施胶不均匀、质量难以保证、胶料浪费大的缺陷问题,这有助于以胶代垫制造技术的推广应用,并能促进汽车底盘系统中的后驱动桥这一行业的质量水平的提高。     

Application of Ozone and Advanced Oxidation Processes to the Treatment of Lye-Wastewaters from the Table Olives Industry

An important fraction of wastewaters generated in the black table olives industry results from the treatment of the olives with sodium hydroxide for debittering and darkening of the fruit. These lye-wastewaters are characterized by a high presence of organic compounds, mainly phenols and polyphenols. The decomposition of that organic content was studied by means of several chemical treatments: ozonation alone and combined with hydrogen peroxide or UV radiation, as well as UV radiation alone and combined with hydrogen peroxide. The degradation levels and the effect of the additional presence of H₂O₂ and UV radiation on the organic matter removal were established for these processes. An approximate kinetic study was conducted, which led to the evaluation of the rate constants for the organic matter reduction. In a second phase, non-pretreated lye-wastewaters and preozonated wastewaters were degraded biologically by means of aerobic microorganisms. The evolution of the organic matter and the biomass were followed. It was demonstrated that the pretreatment with ozone significantly enhances the efficiency of the aerobic process, increasing both the substrate removal level and the degradation rate. This enhancement is probably due to the elimination of most of the toxic phenolic compounds and the increase of the biodegradability in the ozonation pretreatment.     

杭州市城市土壤有机碳的积累和特性

杭州市城市土壤有机碳具明显的积累并具较大的空间变异性,城区土壤表土(0~10 cm)和0~100 cm深度土壤平均有机碳贮量约为远郊区土壤的4.3和5.7倍。城市土壤有机碳中含较高比例的碳黑、颗粒态碳和较低比例的易氧化态碳,表明城市土壤有机碳较为稳定。随着人为影响程度的增加,土壤碳黑、颗粒状碳量增加,易氧化态碳的数量减少。     

吉林省中部黑土区农业土地利用方式对土壤螨类群落特征的影响

选取农田、居民点园地和“三北”防护林等吉林省中部黑土区典型农业生境研究样地,于2003年7月和9月分别进行土壤螨类野外采样,共捕获土壤螨类64属、8930只。研究结果显示,不同农业活动生境土壤螨群落优势类群组成和个体数量差异显著;农业生产活动促使螨向土壤下层移动,其中7月类群数下移最为明显;不同土地利用方式对螨群落多样性影响不同,玉米田和居民点园地农业活动减少了螨群落多样性。     

The relationship of ethnic identity and gender role attitudes to the development of career choice goals among black and Latina girls.

This study is a preliminary exploration of how individual differences in gender role attitudes and ethnic identity might be related to career decision self-efficacy and the gender traditionality of career choice goals in a sample of 102 9th-grade Black and Latina girls. Extending social-cognitive career theory, the authors examined 2 path models in which career decision self-efficacy mediated the effects of gender role attitudes and ethnic identity on the traditionality of the participants' career choice goals. Models depicting full and partial mediation were considered. The results of the path analyses provided confirmation for an extension of the social- cognitive career theory model, indicating that for this sample, career decision self-efficacy fully mediated the influence of egalitarian gender role attitudes and ethnic identity on gender traditionality in career choice goals. These findings offer support for consideration of the role of gender role attitudes and ethnic identity in career self-exploration and vocational guidance with Black and Latina girls. Limitations, implications for counseling, and suggestions for future research are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

采集再工程项目管理数据的“黑匣”解决方案

针对数据采集难以保证数据的真实性和实时性问题,从今后软件工程主流趋势的软件再工程入手,提出了嵌入再工程开发支援系统的“黑匣”解决方案,通过记录程序内部变化,自动采集再工程项目管理数据.并介绍了一个应用实例,该实例已获得国家软件著作权,并在多个再工程项目中得到验证,取得了良好效果.     

白石水库碾压混凝土重力坝基础垫层混凝土裂缝的原因分析

白石水库大坝为碾压混凝土重力坝，因工期和导流的需要，在浇筑大坝基础垫层混凝土时，有的部位安排在秋季浇筑，有的部位安排在春季浇筑，浇筑完毕后即放入河水进行保护，且均存水下越冬。在恢复浇筑混凝土前，对这些基础垫层混凝土进行了全面检查，发现有些坝段出现了裂缝，而有些坝段没有出现裂缝。通过对原始资料的研究分析，查到了产生裂缝的主要原因，并采取了切实可行的处理方法，同时为今后类似工程的设计与施工提供了参考。     

长期培肥黑土脱氢酶活性动态变化及其影响因素

对东北典型黑土区长期不同培肥黑土脱氢酶活性在作物生长季的动态变化进行研究。结果表明,施用有机肥,生长季黑土总体脱氢酶活性显著高于施用化肥和不施肥,其生长季脱氢酶活性保护容量在5.5 mg TPF/kg土.h以上,黑土总体脱氢酶活性施用高量有机肥>低量有机肥>不施肥>化肥,季节性变化波动性大。长期施用高量有机肥脱氢酶活性最大峰值出现在拔节期,施用低量有机肥、化肥和不施肥最大峰值出现在完熟期;长期施用不同数量和种类肥料所引起的黑土总体脱氢酶活性差异并未因玉米生长影响而改变,说明长期施用高量有机肥黑土微生物氧化活性能力增强,土壤自身调解和维持肥力能力增强。黑土脱氢酶活性的动态变化与绝大多数土壤生物、理化特性指标的动态变化没有显著的相关性;总体脱氢酶活性与多数土壤生物、理化特性因子、植物全磷、钾含量有极显著和显著正相关关系。