CO2对钢结构的腐蚀及其控制方法

在对我国现有几个油田油管腐蚀资料进行分析研究的基础上,总结了当前的CO2对石油套管钢的腐蚀研究现状,介绍了CO2的腐蚀类型和机理,列举了CO2腐蚀的影响因素,并且提出了几种国内外常见的相应配套防腐工艺技术措施,最后指出了CO2腐蚀的研究方向与发展趋势。     

燃煤烟气全流程CCUS系统的技术经济分析

燃煤电站全流程CO₂捕集、利用与封存（CCUS）装置各个环节选用合适的技术决定其经济性,采用逐项比较的方法,确定出在不同条件下CO₂捕集、压缩、输送及驱油各个不同工段应采用的工艺技术,然后分别从建设投资与运行成本角度分析了各个工段的影响因素并有针对性地提出优化措施,并对3个100万t/a相同规模的不同地址燃煤电厂与不同位置油田驱块的组合方案进行了经济性评价。结果表明,CO₂输送距离是建设总成本的主要影响因素,而中长期CO₂公用输送管网的规划完善将弥补CO₂平均输送距离带来的成本增加。     

X70钢在不同温度下的CO_2腐蚀行为

为研究腐蚀因素与腐蚀速率的关系,通过在NACE(体积分数5%NaCl+0.5%CH3COOH)溶液中进行饱和CO2浸泡腐蚀实验,研究了X70钢在30、60和90℃条件下的CO2腐蚀行为。结果表明:X70钢在60、90℃条件下的腐蚀速率大于30℃,并高出1个数量级。30℃时试样表面无明显点蚀特征;60℃条件下试样表面出现大量点蚀,其余部分平整,点蚀周围富集Cl-;90℃条件下试样表面不仅出现严重的台地腐蚀而且出现线蚀槽,局部腐蚀严重。X70钢的CO2腐蚀受到钢的成分、显微组织等冶金因素的影响。     

合成气直接制取低碳烯烃的单管扩大试验Ⅲ．催化剂再生性能研究

对Ｋ－Ｆｅ－ＭｎＯ／Ｓｉｌｉｃａｌｉｔｅ－２催化剂积炭及烧炭的差热与热重分析结果表明，在ＣＯ加氢反应过程中催化剂表面可形成两种类型的积炭，其中Ⅰ型炭有利于提高ＣＯ加氢制低碳烯烃的选择性，而Ⅱ型炭则不能。研究结果还表明，Ｋ－Ｆｅ－ＭｎＯ／Ｓｉｌｉｃａｌｉｔｅ－２催化剂经再生后可恢复其新鲜态催化剂性能。在单管扩大试验中，反应器入口高温区催化剂表面容易形成Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型积炭，而恒温区催化剂表面只有Ⅰ型积炭，由此可导致催化剂反应床层最高温度区发生位移     

局部统计同态滤波用于CO2激光成像的图像处理

在将局部统计同态滤波方法用于单幅CO2激光成像雷达图像处理的基础上，重点研究分析了参数选取与图像处理效果的关系；同时也分析了同态均值滤波的局部统计同态滤波。     

Higher alcohol and paraffin synthesis on cobalt based catalysts: Comparison of mechanistic aspects

Syngas reaction mechanism studies on cobalt based catalysts suggested that the CO dissociation step and the (alcohol and/or hydrocarbon) chain growth can be well mimicked by CO disproportionation and temperature programmed desorption (TPD) of acetaldehyde. Correlation between C₂₊ hydrocarbon selectivity and CO disproportionation on the one hand, C₂₊ alcohol selectivity and TPD after acetaldehyde adsorption on the other hand could be evidenced.     

Life cycle CO2 emissions of a photovoltaic/wind/diesel generating system

A photovoltaic/wind/diesel generating system with a battery (PWD system) is discussed from the viewpoint of total CO₂ gas emissions during system lifetime. The total emissions are the sum of the emissions occurring at manufacturing and operating. First, the manufacturing CO₂ emissions of the photovoltaic generator and the wind turbine generator are calculated by “the process analysis method.” This method considers the material used in each generator, its weight and its CO₂ emission rate. On the other hand, the manufacturing CO₂ emissions of the diesel generator and the battery are calculated using “the interindustry (input‐output) table.” Second, the PWD system is operated on a computer so that the fuel consumption of the diesel generator is a minimum assuming that hourly series data of electric load, insolation intensity, wind speed, and air temperature are known during the year. And CO₂ emissions occurring at system operation are obtained from the annual fuel consumption of the diesel generator. The results show that CO₂ total emissions of the PWD system are lower than those of the conventional diesel generator system. The CO₂ total emissions reach a minimum when the photovoltaic/wind generating ratio is 50/50. The CO₂ emissions of manufacturing decrease with increasing of the wind generating ratio from 100/0 to 0/100. The CO₂ total emissions decrease as the natural energy ratio increases. It is, however, saturated to about 60% when the ratio is more than 60%. And the CO₂ total emissions increase with increasing of the battery capacity. It is concluded that the PWD system plays an important role in decreasing considerably the CO₂ total emissions while the total system cost is high under the present price circumstances. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 138(2): 14–23, 2002     

空调列车中CO2浓度的控制仿真

本文以CO2浓度为控制对象,以实现对新风量的控制.通过建立数学模型,并采用PID控制,在SIMULINK环境下对空调列车中的CO2浓度进行了仿真控制,使其维持在设定浓度,达到合理控制新风量的目的.     

降低催化裂化再生烟气中NOx含量的LDN-1型助剂的工业试验

由洛阳石油化工工程公司工程研究院开发的降低催化裂化再生烟气中氮氧化物含量的助剂LDN-1在中国石油天然气股份有限公司独山子石化分公司催化裂化装置上得到了成功应用，结果表明：该助剂能够显著降低再生烟气中NOx含量并具有良好的CO助燃功能，在催化裂化主催化剂中加入质量分数为3％左右的LDN-1助剂。可使再生烟气中的NOx质量浓度从1400mg／m^3降至330mg／m^3，NOx脱除率达75％。同时不会对产品分布和产品性质产生不良影响。     

Recovery of CO2 with MEA and K2CO3 absorption in the IGCC system

Recovery of CO₂ with monoethanolamine (MEA) and hot potassium carbonate (K₂CO₃) absorption processes in an integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plant was studied for the purpose of development of greenhouse gas control technology. Based on energy and exergy analysis of the two systems, improvement options were provided to further reduce energy penalty for the CO₂ separation in the IGCC system. In the improvement options, the energy consumption for CO₂ separation is reduced by about 32%. As a result, the thermal efficiency of IGCC system is increased by 2.15 percentage‐point for the IGCC system with MEA absorption, and by 1.56 percentage‐point for the IGCC system with K₂CO₃ absorption. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.