Application of a polymer heterojunction in dye-sensitized solar cells

Using a blend heterojunction consisting of a C₆₀ derivative, [6,6]-phenyl-C₆₁-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), and poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) as a charge carrier transfer medium to replace the I₃⁻/I⁻ redox electrolyte, a novel TiO₂/dye/PCBM/P3HT dye-sensitized solar cell was fabricated and characterized. It was found that the P3HT/PCBM heterojunction widened the incident light harvest range from ultraviolet to visible light, and improved the photoelectrical response of the dye-sensitized solar cell. We investigated the influence of the PCBM/P3HT ratio and barrier layer on the photoelectric performance of the solar cell and proposed optimized preparation conditions. The optimized solar cell with a barrier layer and PCBM/P3HT ratio of 1:2 had a short circuit current density of 5.52 mA cm⁻², an open circuit voltage of 0.87 V, a fill factor of 0.640 and a light-to-electric energy conversion efficiency of 3.09% under a simulated solar light irradiation of 100 mW cm⁻².     

Optioneering: A New Basis for Engagement Between Architects and Their Collaborators

Conventionally, architects are somewhat tardy when inviting engineers to join their projects. By only introducing consulting engineers to participate in the later stages of the design process, engineers are commonly assigned a fixing role. This provides little opportunity for creative engineering solutions at the generative stage. Optioneering, a new business management model, however, offers the possibility of a new collaborative method for interaction between designers and their partners. Dominik Holzer and Steven Downing describe how a research project between the Spatial Information Research Laboratory (SIAL) at the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) and the engineering firm Arup investigated the capability of this new form of collaboration. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Financial optimization in the Turkish electricity market: Markowitz's mean-variance approach

Electricity constitutes the input into many products that produced by industry and used by people. Hence, it can be considered as a product or service that has vital importance in human life and economy. Since it has such special properties of instantaneous production and consumption obligation and unfeasible storage, electricity market is not like other markets. In a competitive electricity market, generation company faces price risks and delivery risks. So that risk management is an important part of a generation company and can deeply effect companies’ profitability. This paper focuses on electricity generation asset allocation between bilateral contracts, such as forward contracts, and daily spot market, considering constraints of generating units and spot price risks. The problem is to find the optimal portfolio based on known electricity generation total costs, bilateral contract prices, it employed Turkish historical balanced market hourly system marginal and day-ahead hourly market prices between of 2006 and 2011. There are limited studies about portfolio optimization in electricity markets in literature and this paper should be considered frontier study taking spot market's hourly prices separately as risky assets. Markowitz mean-variance optimization which is claimed to be the beginning of modern portfolio theory in financial sector is used to demonstrate this approach. Mean-variance optimization has been successfully applied to all cases that modeled for electricity market. Some suggestions for future work are also listed in this paper.     

SKD61钢的热处理工艺和性能研究

热作模具钢SKD61通常用作铝、镁合金压铸模。采用不同工艺对这种钢进行淬火、回火，然后测定不同组织状态的硬度和冲击韧度，用扫描电镜分析冲击断口的形貌。结果表明，淬火温度对钢的硬度影响较大，当淬火温度高于1100℃时，钢的组织粗大，晶界粗化，冲击韧度明显降低。经1040℃淬火和590℃回火的SKD61钢具有较好的冲击韧度和较高的硬度。     

膨胀管技术在通61-侧162井的应用

膨胀管是国外19世纪90年代开发出来的套管家族的新产品。由于含碳量低,膨胀管比普通套管柔性好,可塑性强,主要用来优化深井井身结构、处理井壁掉块及坍塌、封堵高压层或低压漏失层、修补井中损坏的套管、在裸眼井径一定的情况下增大产层段泄油面积等。通过在通61-侧162井侧钻、扩眼、下膨胀管、固井、胀管等机械方法使管体发生永久塑性变形,使该井完井管柱泄油面积较普通套管扩大了77.51%,产量较老井末期提高109.37%。由此可见,膨胀管技术具有广阔的应用前景。     

基于PXA255处理器的LCD驱动开发

在简单介绍Intel Xscale处理器PXA255内部集成的LCD控制器的基础上,给出LCD液晶屏和应用处理机之间的硬件电路设计,以及在嵌入式系统Windows CE下LCD驱动程序的开发。     

基于倾角传感器的帆板自动控制系统的设计

以全国大学生电子设计竞赛为背景,采用模块化的设计方法,完成了基于倾角传感器的帆板自动控制系统.详细论述了该系统设计原理及硬件组成,给出了系统的软件流程.利用倾角传感器实现高精度检测和采用PID算法实现高精度控制是该系统设计的主要特点.实验表明,该系统工作稳定可靠,达到了预期的设计要求,并可为类似系统的设计提供有益的借鉴.