Reducing cache and TLB power by exploiting memory region and privilege level semantics

The L1 cache in today’s high-performance processors accesses all ways of a selected set in parallel. This constitutes a major source of energy inefficiency: at most one of the N fetched blocks can be useful in an N-way set-associative cache. The other N-1 cachelines will all be tag mismatches and subsequently discarded.We propose to eliminate unnecessary associative fetches by exploiting certain software semantics in cache design, thus reducing dynamic power consumption. Specifically, we use memory region information to eliminate unnecessary fetches in the data cache, and ring level information to optimize fetches in the instruction cache. We present a design that is performance-neutral, transparent to applications, and incurs a space overhead of mere 0.41% of the L1 cache.We show significantly reduced cache lookups with benchmarks including SPEC CPU, SPECjbb, SPECjAppServer, PARSEC, and Apache. For example, for SPEC CPU 2006, the proposed mechanism helps to reduce cache block fetches from the data and instruction caches by an average of 29% and 53% respectively, resulting in power savings of 17% and 35% in the caches, compared to the aggressively clock-gated baselines.     

ORACLE数据库SQL优化原则

Oracle数据库是当前应用最广泛的大型数据库之一,其系统结构复杂,性能受多方面因素影响,其中SQL语句的执行效率是影响其性能的关键因素。以一个省级通信运营商的ORACLE ERP系统为例,从ORACLE数据库的SQL共享原理和SQL执行过程入手,指出合理配置数据库参数,提高SQL语句共享、提高数据缓存命中率是SQL语句性能提高的前提;并在此基础提出了SQL语句优化的四个原则。     

体检系统中尿液检查接口的设计与实现

在尿常规检查中,将检查结果自动上传到体检数据库,这不仅可以提高工作效率、服务质量还可以提升医院体检工作的信息化管理水平。在接口设计的时候,通过对传统串口数据接收方法进行分析,结合数据缓存思想,提出一种基于缓冲区的实时串口数据接收方法,同时采用多线程技术实现FA-200型尿液分析仪数据的批量接收。本设计在我校医院一年多的体检中得到了有效的验证,实现了预期的目标。     

TB级地形数据实时漫游核心算法研究

TB级数据时代已经到来,如何有效地在普通PC机上实现TB级地形数据漫游,已逐渐成为GIS（地理信息与系统）学术界的研究热点。海量数据组织管理是3维地形数据漫游的核心机制,传统四叉树、八叉树等数据结构,一定程度上解决绘制瓶颈问题,但是结构复杂,很难适应TB级地形场景实时、稳定的漫游需求。通过实施多级缓冲机制、采用动态LOD（levels of detail）与显存调度技术,以及引入多核CPU并行计算策略,最终构建出一套与数据大小无关的实时地形绘制算法。通过对1 GB、10 GB、200 GB、500 GB级等海量数据进行实验,平均绘制速率可达到30帧/s以上,比一般算法高出23倍,从而验证本文算法的实用性。     

Performance enhancement of TCP in high-speed networks

GridFTP is a secure and reliable high-performance parallel data transfer protocol used for transferring massive amounts of widely distributed data. Currently it allows users to configure the number of parallel streams and socket buffer size. However, its tuning procedure for optimal combination is a time consuming task. The socket handlers and buffers are important system resources and must therefore be carefully managed. In this paper, we propose a scheme to achieve high throughput even with a smaller buffer size, and also derive a regression equation to predict the optimal combination of resources for a connection. To improve the performance, the TCP based on our scheme obtains higher throughput and spends less memory for the same throughput than the original TCP scheme. In addition, the regression equation is verified by comparing measured and predicted values, and we apply the equation to an actual experiment on the KOrea advanced REsearch Network (KOREN). The result demonstrates that the equation provides excellent predictions with only an 8% error boundary.     

Determination of optimal size of the de-jitter buffer of a receiving router

The influence of the size of the de-jitter buffer of a receiving router and of the network load on the transmission quality of voice traffic is investigated by means of simulation modeling. The optimal size of the de-jitter buffer that supports an acceptable level of loss of voice packets and a propagation time of the voice signal that corresponds to accepted standards is determined.     

路由器缓存需求

综述了路由器缓存的作用.基于随机服务理论,分析了长相关流量模型和短相关流量模型输入路由器系统时的各种缓存分析结论,着重论述了基于TCP协议模型的各种最新缓存需求研究成果,包括经验法则、小缓存法则、基于丢包率的缓存法则和极小缓存法则.总结了以往缓存研究的不足,并提出了下一步的研究方向.     

高压XLPE电缆缓冲层烧蚀故障机理分析与结构优化

高压交联聚乙烯(cross-linked polyethylene,XLPE)电缆缓冲层烧蚀故障频发,在行业内引起广泛关注。电缆结构优化有利于解决放电烧蚀问题,文中从缓冲层放电灼伤机理角度出发,建立电缆有限元模型进行电场仿真,分析讨论不同结构参数下气隙电场分布的变化,并开展模拟试验对结构优化方案进行研究。结果表明：在满足电缆设计要求的前提下,减小缓冲层厚度、减小轧纹深度、增加金属套和缓冲层的挤压深度有利于减弱接触不良导致的气隙电场畸变;平滑铝套结构与缓冲层的接触电阻较小,在抑制缓冲层放电烧蚀故障方面具有优势。     

Tetrabutylammonium Bromide Functionalized Ti3C2Tx MXene as Versatile Cathode Buffer Layer for Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

2D Ti₃C₂T_x MXene, possessing facile preparation, high electrical conductivity, flexibility, and solution processability, shows good application potential for enhancing device performance of perovskite solar cells (PVSCs). In this study, tetrabutylammonium bromide functionalized Ti₃C₂T_x (TBAB-Ti₃C₂T_x) is developed as cathode buffer layer (CBL) to regulate the PCBM/Ag cathode interfacial property for the first time. By virtue of the charge transfer from TBAB to Ti₃C₂T_x demonstrated by electron paramagnetic resonance and density functional theory, the TBAB-Ti₃C₂T_x CBL with high electrical conductivity exhibits significantly reduced work function of 3.9 eV, which enables optimization of energy level alignment and enhancement of charge extraction. Moreover, the TBAB-Ti₃C₂T_x CBL can effectively inhibit the migration of iodine ions from perovskite layer to Ag cathode, which synergistically suppresses defect states and reduce charge recombination. Consequently, utilizing MAPbI₃ perovskite without post-treatment, the TBAB-Ti₃C₂T_x based device exhibits a dramatically improved power conversion efficiency of 21.65% with significantly improved operational stability, which is one of the best efficiencies reported for the devices based on MAPbI₃/PCBM with different CBLs. These results indicate that TBAB-Ti₃C₂T_x shall be a promising CBL for high-performance inverted PVSCs and inspire the further applications of quaternary ammonium functionalized MXenes in PVSCs.     

双循环策略下岸桥与跨运车的联合调度

集装箱码头采用跨运车能够减少作业环节和码头机械设备的种类与数量,同时缓存区容量的设置至关重要。首先,为降低码头总完工时间、提高码头作业效率,并解决采用跨运车作为水平运输设备与岸桥进行联合装卸作业时产生的时空协调问题,引入了双循环操作策略,对岸桥与跨运车的联合作业序列优化问题进行研究。其次,建立以总完工时间最小化为目标,考虑岸桥与跨运车双循环操作的实际约束、岸桥缓存区容量限制、安全时间等约束的混合整数规划模型。然后,针对传统禁忌搜索（TS）算法的局限性,加入贪婪算法、多种邻域搜索方式、响应性策略,设计了基于贪婪算法的响应性TS算法,并进行了数值实验。实验结果验证了所提模型与算法的有效性。最后,通过对缓存区容量与跨运车数量、岸桥与跨运车配比的实验分析,得出了最优的跨运车数量和缓存区容量、岸桥与跨运车配比。结果表明：与传统码头设备配置相比,双循环策略可减少跨运车使用数量,提高岸桥与跨运车使用率。