Viscosity of compressed cold lake bitumen

Viscosity data over a temperature range of 37-115°C and a pressure range of 0-10 MPa gauge are presented for a Cold Lake bitumen sample. These data show that the compression of Cold Lake bitumen results in a significant increase in its viscosity. Results are compared with those from a similar study on an Athabasca bitumen sample. Also presented are two correlations for the effects of pressure and temperature on the viscosity of Cold Lake bitumen.     

复合型高分子自限温发热材料及元器件在汽车冷启动方面的应用

采用HDPE／CB复合型高分子自限温发热材料制备了适于在汽车上使用的自限温加热带、发热管及相应的加热器，通过实验室模拟试验，研究了加热器的电热特性。在冬季的柴油车冷启动试验表明，组合加热装置对柴油车的冷启动及正常运行非常奏效，所研制的复合型高分子自限温发热材料及元器件用于汽车领域是可行的。     

Optimal Ozone Production From Air

In this paper, another achieved example of Lunt's theory of chemical reactions in electrical discharges is emphasized. From an economic viewpoint, it is shown for a given mean value of the plasma temperature that the ozone yield of an air-fed cold plasma reactor presents an optimal value depending on the reduced electrical field, as expected from theoretical developments.     

In situ synchrotron X-ray studies on copper-nickel 5 V Mn oxide spinel cathodes for Li-ion batteries

Partial substitution of Mn in lithium manganese oxide spinel materials by Cu and Ni greatly affects the electrochemistry and the cycle life characteristics of the cathode. Substitution with either metal or a combination of both metals in the spinel lattice structure reduces the 3.9-4.2 V potential plateaus associated with the conversion of Mn³⁺ to Mn⁴⁺. Higher potential plateau associated with oxidation of the substituted transition elements is also observed. These substituents also significantly alter the onset of Jahn-Teller distortions in the 3 V potential plateau. Synchrotron based in situ X-ray absorption (XAS) was used to determine the exact nature of the oxidation state changes in order to explain the overall observed capacities at different potential plateaus. The studies on LiCu_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ show single phase behavior in the 4-5 V potential region with a good cycle life. Lower cycle life characteristic observed in cycling LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ and LiNi_0.25Cu_0.25Mn_1.5O₄ versus Li metal are ascribed to coexistence of several phases in this potential region. However, LiCu_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ shows onset of Jahn-Teller distortions in the 3 V potential plateau, in contrast to LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ and LiNi_0.25Cu_0.25Mn_1.5O₄ cathode materials.     

Dewatering behaviour of water treatment sludges associated with contaminated site remediation in Antarctica

Sludge reduction and dewatering is an important aspect of water and waste water treatment. This is especially true in the case of Australia's Antarctic contaminated site remediation program, where the reduction in volume of wastes to be returned to Australia can lead to significant transport and handling cost savings. The dewatering characterisation of water treatment sludges from an Antarctic contaminated site was conducted using a theory of suspension dewatering developed by Buscall, Landman and White. This theory uses fundamental material properties of compressibility and permeability to determine the diffusivity of a suspension. Diffusivity is a useful property that can be used to directly compare the dewaterability of various sludges. In this investigation, several water treatment sludges were collected and characterised in the field to determine the impact of temperature and additives on compressibility, permeability and diffusivity. The Antarctic sludges were found to be less compressible and less permeable than materials such as mineral suspensions and alum water treatment sludges. Compressibility was found to decrease with the addition of powdered coagulation aids such as bentonite and chitosan.     

类球形低硫磷酸铁的制备技术研究

磷酸铁（FePO₄）是锂电池正极材料磷酸铁锂（LiFePO₄）的核心前驱体,FePO₄形貌及硫含量对合成的LiFePO₄材料性能有重要影响。为得到类球形低硫FePO₄产品,在传统液相沉淀法技术基础上做了改进优化,添加十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）作为形貌助剂提高产品球形度,添加氨水作为配体形成磷酸铁铵配合物改善结晶过程,降低产品硫含量。结果表明：所制备的FePO₄产品硫质量分数低,达到2.6×10 ^-5,形貌为均一的微米类球形颗粒,D₅₀=11.4 μm,振实密度达到1.22 g/cm ³,有望成为制备高压实密度LiFePO₄材料的核心前驱体。     

Development of high‐definition aqueous polyvinylpyrrolidone photoresists for cathode ray tubes

Aqueous photoresists that are capable of higher resolutions than are currently employed by the cathode ray tube (CRT) industry were developed by combining photoactivators, which activate at shorter UV wavelengths with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Two photoactivators were synthesized: 4,4′‐diazido‐2,2′‐biphenyl disodium disulfonate (DABP), which has a maximum absorbance at 264 nm, and 4,4′‐diazido‐2,2′‐biphenylethane disodium disulfonate (DABPE), which has a maximum absorbance at 258 nm. The PVP/DABP and PVP/DABPE photoresists successfully imaged a pattern with resolution as small as 4.4 μm with photoactivator concentrations greater than 20% of the PVP concentration. Addition of silane and emulgen greatly improved the performance of the photoresists with more uniform coatings of thicknesses of up to 1.4 μm. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 1637–1644, 2006     

燕化660 kt/a乙烯冷区设备布置

主要介绍了大型乙烯改扩建的冷区设备布置的主要特点，分析了设备布置的思路，及与土建等各专业的关系，强调了设备布置方案利旧的方法。     

Electrochemical investigation of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 thin film intercalation electrodes

This work provides kinetic and transport parameters of Li-ion during its extraction/insertion into thin film LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ free of binder and conductive additive. Thin films of LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ (0.2 μm thick) were prepared on electronically conductive gold substrate utilizing the electrostatic spray deposition technique. High purity LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ thin film electrodes were observed with cyclic voltammetry, to exhibit very sharp peaks, high reversibility, and absence of the 4 V signal related to the Mn³⁺/Mn⁴⁺ redox couple. The electrode subjected to 100 CV cycles of charge/discharge delivered a capacity of 155 mAh g⁻¹ on the first cycle and sustained a good cycling behavior while retaining 91% of the initial capacity after 50 cycles. Kinetics and mass-transport of Li-ion extraction at LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ thin film electrode were investigated by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The apparent chemical diffusion coefficient (D_app) value determined from EIS measurements changed depending on the electrode potential in the range of 10⁻¹⁰-10⁻¹² cm² s⁻¹. The D_app profile shows two minimums at the potential values close to the peak potentials of the corresponding cyclic voltammogram.     

A novel layered Li [Li0.12NizMg0.32−zMn0.56]O2 cathode material for lithium-ion batteries

Layered Li[Li_0.12Ni_zMg_0.32−zMn_0.56]O₂ oxide cathodes containing lithium atoms in the transition metal layers were synthesized and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), galvanostatic cycling, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The Li[Li_0.12Ni_zMg_0.32−zMn_0.56]O₂ cathodes deliver a specific discharge capacity of about 190 mAh/g at room temperature and 236 mAh/g at 55 °C when cycled between 2.7 and 4.6 V versus Li/Li⁺. Excellent capacity retention and smooth potential profiles at room and elevated temperatures over extended cycles suggest that this material does not convert into a spinel structure.