我国合成树脂工业进展及面临的挑战

本文回顾了过去十年来我国合成树脂工业的发展,预测了到本世纪末以及2010年的前景,讨论了目前存在的问题及面临的挑战,提出了重要的问题是提高市场竞争力。     

构建煤矿安全生产长效机制确保煤矿竞争力和可持续发展

通过构建煤矿安全生产长效机制,超越安全抓安全,以安全保效益,以效益保安全,构建安全-效益良性互动平台,确保煤矿竞争力和可持续发展能力的提高,建立一套具有创新特色的安全管理新机制.     

浅析企业竞争性情报的获取与保密

竞争性情报是企业战略决策所需要的信息，每个企业都会把决策建立在竞争性情报的基础之上。如何获得竞争性情报、如何利用竞争性情报，同时如何预防自己的竞争性情况外泄，自然成为企业关注的问题。     

多目标决策在兼顾社区利用的竞技体育建筑策划中的应用

本文提出全民背景下兼顾社区利用的竞技体育建筑策划面临使用问题的核心是竞技体育建筑的多目标使用。通过对多目标决策原理和分类的分析,总结其应用范围,为策划提供理性工具。     

竞技体育建筑策划中的低碳选择

要低碳已经成为竞技体育建筑策划和设计中不可回避的重要概念,减少温室气体排放是涉及建筑全寿命周期的系统工作.该文在前期策划中引入选择理论,将竞技体育建筑策划的决定要素进行分类,通过计算低碳要素预期效用,选择最重要的低碳影响因子,从而指导建筑设计.这种方法为竞技体育建筑低碳化设计提供了一种新的可能性.     

Kinetics of nitrate and perchlorate removal and biofilm stratification in an ion exchange membrane bioreactor

The biological degradation of nitrate and perchlorate was investigated in an ion exchange membrane bioreactor (IEMB) using a mixed anoxic microbial culture and ethanol as the carbon source. In this process, a membrane-supported biofilm reduces nitrate and perchlorate delivered through an anion exchange membrane from a polluted water stream, containing 60 mg/L of NO₃⁻ and 100 μg/L of ClO₄⁻. Under ammonia limiting conditions, the perchlorate reduction rate decreased by 10%, whereas the nitrate reduction rate was unaffected. Though nitrate and perchlorate accumulated in the bioreactor, their concentrations in the treated water (2.8 ± 0.5 mg/L of NO₃⁻ and 7.0 ± 0.8 μg/L of ClO₄⁻, respectively) were always below the drinking water regulatory levels, due to Donnan dialysis control of the ionic transport in the system.Kinetic parameters determined for the mixed microbial culture in suspension showed that the nitrate reduction rate was 35 times higher than the maximum perchlorate reduction rate. It was found that perchlorate reduction was inhibited by nitrate, since after nitrate depletion perchlorate reduction rate increased by 77%. The biofilm developed in the IEMB was cryosectioned and the microbial population was analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The results obtained seem to indicate that the kinetic advantage of nitrate reduction favored accumulation of denitrifiers near the membrane, whereas per(chlorate) reducing bacteria were mainly positioned at the biofilm outer surface, contacting the biomedium. As a consequence of the biofilm stratification, the reduction of perchlorate and nitrate occur sequentially in space allowing for the removal of both ions in the IEMB.     

Effect of competitive interference on the biosorption of lead(II) by Chlorella vulgaris

Batch experiments were carried out to asses the effect of Cu(II) and Zn(II) on the biosorption of lead(II) ions by non-living Chlorella vulgaris. The uptake of Pb(II) was examined for single, binary and ternary solutions at different initial concentrations and different pH values. The experimental results showed that the uptake increased with increasing pH from 3.0 to an optimum value of 5.0. The biosorption of Pb(II) was found to be adversely affected by the presence of Cu(II) ions, while Zn(II) ions seemed to have negligible effect on the process. The equilibrium data were fitted to four isotherm models: Langmuir, Freundlich, Sips and Dubinin–Radushkevich; the Sips isotherm gave the best fit for the data. Modeling of the controlling mechanisms indicated that both intrinsic kinetics and mass transfer played major roles in controlling the process. A new dimensionless parameter, Ψ, was defined to asses the relative contributions of the two mechanisms to the biosorption of lead(II). Mass transfer seemed to be the dominant mechanism at low initial lead(II) concentrations, while intrinsic kinetics dominates at high concentrations.     

中国石化企业综合竞争能力评价指标体系探析

通过对中国支柱产业之一的石化企业的综合竞争力进行分析,力求对国有企业的综合竞争力有一个较为全面的认识。阐述了竞争力和竞争优势的概念,引入迈克尔·波特的价值链理论。根据价值链理论和石化企业自身的生产特点,将企业的活动分为原料加工、生产管理、市场营销管理、人力资源管理、技术管理、财务管理、风险管理和综合管理8个部分。在此基础上,提出设计指标体系的原则。在逐项分析的基础上,提出对企业的综合竞争能力进行总体评价的基本要求。