锡盟地区小尾寒羊副产物营养成分分析与评价

以锡盟地区小尾寒羊的心、肝、脾、肺、肾、大肠、小肠、胃（瘤胃、网胃、瓣胃、皱胃）及血液等副产物为研究对象,对其常规营养成分、氨基酸、脂肪酸以及矿物质含量进行分析与评价。结果表明：锡盟地区小尾寒羊各副产物营养成分含量（鲜质量分数）为水分含量68.86%～83.62%、蛋白质含量11.10%～19.92%、脂肪含量0.19%～16.93%、灰分含量0.45%～3.82%;各副产物经酸水解处理后测定,含天冬氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸等17 种氨基酸,其中包含人体必需的7 种氨基酸,必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量的34.44%～44.35%,且谷氨酸、天冬氨酸、亮氨酸等含量丰富;各副产物中不饱和脂肪酸含量（除羊血8.26%外）为35.56%～56.09%,其中以单不饱和脂肪酸为主,网胃、瓣胃、皱胃、大肠、小肠中油酸含量均在30%以上,且网胃、肝脏、肺脏中亚油酸含量较高;各副产物中含有多种微量元素,其中脾脏中K和Fe含量最高,4 个胃中Ca含量均较高。     

女式衬衫领型感性评价研究

文章以7款常见的女式衬衫领型为研究对象,使用感性工学的方法,通过网络调查,获得了女性消费者对女式衬衫领型的评价。对评价结果进行均值分析、因子分析以及聚类分析,发现女性消费者对不同领型的感性印象存在差别,主要体现在领型结构设计。得出风格因子、结构因子以及个性因子是影响女式衬衫领型评价的3个主要因子。为设计符合女性消费者需求的女式衬衫提供参考。     

Experimental approaches for the estimation of uncertainty in analysis of trace inorganic contaminants in foodstuffs by ICP-MS

Total Diet Studies to estimate dietary exposure to food contaminants need to evaluate laboratory measurements data variance. In this process it is critical that data from analytical methods are reliable to correctly scrutinize and compare values over time and between countries. In Europe it is widely recognized that the evaluation of measurement uncertainty is an important parameter when assessing the sources of analytical data variability. Two approaches are considered to estimate uncertainty in analytical measurement. Arsenic, Lead, Chromium and Cadmium, content in several food matrix determined by Inductively Coupled Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) microwave digestion assisted, are used as examples. The aim of the present research work is to compare both approaches accepted by Eurolab and GUM: Mathematical modeling to assess uncertainty components based on a classical model (bottom up) and an empirical method (top down), based on either experimental data obtained from a single laboratory validation data or inter-laboratory data from Proficiency Testing schemes. Relative expanded uncertainty calculated by both approaches agree when U (%) <20%. These values are concordant with RSD_R reported in collaborative studies of EN 15763 (2009), which were assumed as target uncertainty. The top down approach described is simple and easy to use when compared with the mathematical modeling approach providing considerable benefits to those who assess data produced by several laboratories.     

Consumer perception of boar meat as affected by labelling information,malodorous compounds and sensitivity to androstenone

This study aimed to assess the influence of two label conditions on the acceptance of boar meat. A central location test was conducted with 145 consumers each assessing 4 pieces of pork loin.     

实验室技术能力综合评价方法初步探讨

目的 探讨实验室技术能力综合量化分析评价方法.方法 利用国家食品安全风险评估中心组织的3次食品中重金属分析考核结果,比较了Z比分数方法、点分数法和组合分数法对考核的综合量化分析结果.结果 Z比分数法得到的5个考核目标物的满意率分别为78.1％、93.8％、81.2％、90.6％和93.8％;点分数法评价3次考核的满意率分别为75％、71.9％、90.6％;组合分数法评价3次考核各实验室综合表现满意率为81.2％.结论 3种不同评价方法各有侧重,适合于不同目的的结果分析.Z比分数法适用于单一因素分析能力评价;点分数法适用于一次多个因素分析能力综合性评价;组合分数法适用于实验室历次考核结果综合能力分析.     

应用模糊数学法评判韭菜酱的发酵成熟时间

为确定韭菜酱发酵的成熟时间,以感官评定对不同发酵时间的韭菜酱的色泽、形态、风味、口感进行评分,利用模糊数学法对感官评价结果进行统计分析,并结合韭菜酱在发酵过程中pH值的变化,得出韭菜酱发酵成熟的时间为常温7d.     

防辐射纺织品屏蔽性能测试与评价

详述了目前我国防辐射织物和服装屏蔽性能的测试方法与评价标准,分析了其中存在的主要问题,并提出了解决建议。     

三种杂粮及其复合低温火腿肠营养成分分析及评价

分别检测了燕麦、苦荞麦、小米3种杂粮原料,以及所对应的杂粮复合低温火腿肠的营养成分,并对其进行了营养价值评价。结果表明:燕麦片、苦荞麦粉、小米3种杂粮原料的脂肪含量都较低,均在10%以下。燕麦片的蛋白质含量最高,达到13.4%,且所含钙、铁、锌均较高,分别为683、48.1、25.3mg/kg。苦荞麦粉硒元素的含量最高,达到0.12mg/kg。对杂粮原料进行了氨基酸营养评价,小米的E/N值为55.03%,最接近FAO/WHO标准模式。杂粮复合低温火腿肠中,蛋白质含量均高于GB/T 20712—2006《火腿肠》国家标准指标,淀粉含量均在10%以下。小米复合低温火腿肠中VB1、VB2含量相对较高,分别达到156.6μg/100g和12.8μg/100g。其他的功能性营养成分检测结果表明:苦荞麦复合低温火腿肠中特有的生物活性物质黄酮含量达到了2mg/kg,膳食纤维含量最高,达到了3.4%。对杂粮低温复合火腿肠进行了INQ值评价,3种复合低温火腿肠的钙、铁、锌、VB1的INQ值均高于1,其中小米复合低温火腿肠的INQ值总体最高。杂粮复合低温火腿肠理化及卫生指标结果表明,3种低温火腿肠的理化及卫生指标均符合GB/T 20712—2006《火腿肠》的相关规定,表明产品卫生安全指标合格。     

Explaining tolerance for bitterness in chocolate ice cream using solid chocolate preferences

Chocolate ice cream is commonly formulated with higher sugar levels than nonchocolate flavors to compensate for the inherent bitterness of cocoa. Bitterness, however, is an integral part of the complex flavor of chocolate. In light of the global obesity epidemic, many consumers and health professionals are concerned about the levels of added sugars in foods. Once a strategy for balancing undesirable bitterness and health concerns regarding added sugars has been developed, the task becomes determining whether that product will be acceptable to the consumer. Thus, the purpose of this research was to manipulate the bitterness of chocolate ice cream to examine how this influences consumer preferences. The main goal of this study was to estimate group rejection thresholds for bitterness in chocolate ice cream, and to see if solid chocolate preferences (dark vs. milk) generalized to ice cream. A food-safe bitter ingredient, sucrose octaacetate, was added to chocolate ice cream to alter bitterness without disturbing other the sensory qualities of the ice cream samples, including texture. Untrained chocolate ice cream consumers participated in a large-scale sensory test by indicating their preferences for blinded pairs of unspiked and spiked samples, where the spiked sample had increasing levels of the added bitterant. As anticipated, the group containing individuals who prefer milk chocolate had a much lower tolerance for bitterness in their chocolate ice cream compared with the group of individuals who prefer dark chocolate; indeed, the dark chocolate group tolerated almost twice as much added bitterant in the ice cream before indicating a significant preference for the unspiked (control) ice cream. This work demonstrates the successful application of the rejection threshold method to a complex dairy food. Estimating rejection thresholds could prove to be an effective tool for determining acceptable formulations or quality limits when considering attributes that become objectionable at high intensities.     

A first step toward genomic selection in the multi-breed French dairy goat population

The objectives of this study were to describe, using the goat SNP50 BeadChip (Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA), molecular data for the French dairy goat population and compare the effect of using genomic information on breeding value accuracy in different reference populations. Several multi-breed (Alpine and Saanen) reference population sizes, including or excluding female genotypes (from 67 males to 677 males, and 1,985 females), were used. Genomic evaluations were performed using genomic best linear unbiased predictor for milk production traits, somatic cell score, and some udder type traits. At a marker distance of 50 kb, the average r² (squared correlation coefficient) value of linkage disequilibrium was 0.14, and persistence of linkage disequilibrium as correlation of r-values among Saanen and Alpine breeds was 0.56. Genomic evaluation accuracies obtained from cross validation ranged from 36 to 53%. Biases of these estimations assessed by regression coefficients (from 0.73 to 0.98) of phenotypes on genomic breeding values were higher for traits such as protein yield than for udder type traits. Using the reference population that included all males and females, accuracies of genomic breeding values derived from prediction error variances (model accuracy) obtained for young buck candidates without phenotypes ranged from 52 to 56%. This was lower than the average pedigree-derived breeding value accuracies obtained at birth for these males from the official genetic evaluation (62%). Adding females to the reference population of 677 males improved accuracy by 5 to 9% depending on the trait considered. Gains in model accuracies of genomic breeding values ranged from 1 to 7%, lower than reported in other studies. The gains in breeding value accuracy obtained using genomic information were not as good as expected because of the limited size (at most 677 males and 1,985 females) and the structure of the reference population.