Schottky barrier heights of contact metals to p-type ZnSe

Schottky barrier heights (SBHs) of a variety of metals (In, Cd, Nb, Ti, W, Cu, Ag, Au, Ni, Pt, and Se) contacting to p-ZnSe grown by a molecular beam epitaxy method were determined by analyzing capacitance-voltage (C-V) and/or current density-voltage (J-V) curves. The SBH values of the Au and Ni contacts were determined from intersections of straight lines of the C⁻²-V curves to be 1.23 and 1.13 eV, respectively. The J-V calculations provided a large SBH value of 1.2 ± 0.1 eV for a variety of metals, indicating that the Fermi-level could be pinned at the contact interface. Reduction of the SBH values to a level lower than 0.4 eV and/or increase of doping concentrations to a level higher than 10²⁰ cm⁻³ are essential to obtain an ohmic contact with contact resistivity of around 10⁻³ Ω·cm².     

A theoretical and photoelastic contact stress analysis relevant to orthopaedic knee prostheses

This study is based on a theoretical and photoelastic static contact stress analysis, relevant to the design of the plastic tibial plateau in an orthopaedic knee prosthesis. It involves the review of existing theoretical analyses concerned with the contact mechanics of layered elastic systems and, where possible, the validation of any relevant findings using two dimensional photoelasticity. Significant findings include the identification of a general minimum recommendable design thickness for the plastic tibial plateau, the endorsement of using the Hertzian contact theory to predict contact stress levels in the tibial plateau of certain knee implants and the slight improvement in contact conditions in the plastic when the plateau is perfectly bonded to its supporting metal tray.     

On an invariance principle for unilateral contact at a bimaterial elastic interface

This paper examines the axisymmetric elastostatic problem related to the unilateral receding contact at a pre-compressed smooth bimaterial elastic interface. The separation at the interface is caused by the action of axisymmetric stress fields of unequal magnitude, which are applied at any location of the separate halfspace regions. The analysis of the problem focuses on the determination of the zone of separation as a function of the pre-compression, the magnitudes and locations of the axisymmetric stress fields inducing the separation, and the elasticity characteristics of the halfspace regions. It is found that the radius of the separation zone can be evaluated in explicit form. In the particular instance when the loadings applied at the surface of the halfspace regions are equal in magnitude and distribution, the analysis reveals that the radius of the separation zone is independent of the elasticity properties of the halfspace regions and can be evaluated in exact closed form.     

离子色谱技术在钻井现场的应用研究

将离子色谱技术(IC)应用于钻井现场的钻井液滤液分析,从而获取所钻井钻遇地层的可溶性矿物的性质、地层水的类型等资料信息。离子色谱技术在这一领域的应用尚属探索阶段,但通过现场两口井的试用已见到较好的应用效果,文章简介了该技术的应用前景及价值,如:确定油水界面的位置及指导钻井液的调配、确保井下安全等。这方面的论述,对分析化验仪器向井场转移实现多手段综合分析具有一定的促进作用。     

Resilient metal spring network silicone-matrix composite for separable interconnections

Resilient metal spring silicone-matrix conducting composites for separable interconnections in electronics were fabricated by the impregnation of silicone into a preform comprising randomly oriented C-shaped Cu-Be springs and a small proportion of Sn-Pb solder, which served to connect the springs at some of their intersections. Composites containing 6.1-9.8 vol.% total filler exhibited volume electrical resistivity 0.5-1.0 mΩ.cm and contact resistivity (with copper) 11-17 mΩ.cm². A compressive stress of about 30 kPa was needed for the low contact resistivity to be reached. The volume 17-26% and the contact resistivity increased by 5% after heating in air at 130-150°C for seven days. Composites containing <9 vol.% total filler showed no stress relaxation for seven days at 6.0% strain.     

Thermography of aged contacts of high voltage equipment

New developments in diagnostic tools and systems are necessary for a reliable and economic evaluation of the condition of equipment in power systems. In a research project a tool for the condition of contacts of centre break disconnector, which is used under normal operation by the aid of a thermography measurement system, has been developed. In this paper, an overview about the laboratory investigation of the temperature load behaviour and the environmental influence on-site for new and aged disconnector contacts are given. A condition evaluation tool for contacts, which was the aim of the project, has been created. The basic method for the evaluation is presented, and also two additional easements for a fast identification of suspect contacts are presented. With this evaluation tool and the usage of a thermography based measuring system, a condition based maintenance strategy can be applied, whereby an early detection of damages is possible and so power quality and reliability increase.      

Dynamic response of a Mindlin elastic rectangular plate under a distributed moving mass

The elastodynamic response of a rectangular Mindlin plate subjected to a distributed moving mass is investigated. The set of governing characteristic partial differential equations that include the effects of shear deformation and rotary inertia is expressed in its dimensionless form. A finite difference algorithm is employed to transform the differential equations into a set of linear algebraic equations. Simply supported edge conditions were used as an illustrative example. The analysis is also valid for other edge conditions. It is found that the maximum shearing forces, bending and twisting moments occur almost the same time. Also, the values of the maximum deflections are higher for Mindlin plates than for non-Mindlin plates.     

A physically based approach to granular media mechanics: grain-scale experiments,initial results and implications to numerical modeling

It is generally appreciated that the mechanical behavior of granular media depends fundamentally on the interaction of the constituent particles, and that the validity of numerical models of granular media would be greatly improved with knowledge of the grain-scale mechanics. However, most supporting experimental work has been conducted on highly idealized materials, and a limited amount of information exists on grain-scale force–displacement relationships for naturally occurring materials. To address this shortcoming, we are conducting a program that integrates laboratory experiments on grains of naturally occurring aggregate with the discrete element modeling method, with the goal of relating the grain-scale physical and mechanical properties of granular media to bulk behavior. The paper describes the equipment and methods that have been developed to conduct close-loop controlled, grain-scale experiments under monotonic and cyclic loading conditions, and presents results from an initial set of experiments on unbonded grains. The implications of the grain-scale results to the discrete element model are discussed. Discussions center on the applicability of a physically based approach to the mechanics of granular media in general. In light of future exploration missions and the resulting need to predict the mechanical properties of lunar and planetary regoliths, the paper examines the potential usefulness of our physically based approach to the problem of predicting the behavior of the types of materials found in those environments.     

硬度匹配对40CrNiMo滚子接触疲劳性能的影响

通过对“软－软”、“中－软”、“中－中”、“中－硬”四组不同硬度匹配的滚子接触疲劳试验得出四条Ｐ－Ｎ曲线。并发现中硬度材料的接触疲劳寿命高于软材料，而当主试样为中硬时，与之相匹配的陪试件硬度越高，主试样的寿命越短，通过分析讨论解释了产生上述现象的原因及其失效机理。     

The dynamics of the dry friction oscillator taking into account pre-displacement and tangential contact stiffness

A one-dimensional model of the dry friction oscillator is considered taking into account the phenomena of pre-displacement and tangential contact stiffness. The dynamic parameters and characteristics of the basic mode of stabilized vibrations are determined for the cases of force and kinematic excitation. The obtained results are compared with the Coulomb model of the force of friction, which gives evidence that this model is inapplicable to calculating low-amplitude oscillations. The effect of the tribological contact parameters on the resonance characteristics of the oscillator and the damping properties of the friction contact are investigated.