微波辐照法制备PVC-g-DAP聚合物及其结构与性能表征

采用微波辐照法制备了以聚氯乙烯(PVC)为骨架,邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯(DAP)为支链的接枝聚合物PVC-g-DAP。通过红外光谱、差示扫描量热分析对聚合物的结构进行了表征,同时对聚合物的流变性能、耐热性和力学性能进行了测试分析。结果表明,DAP在微波辐照下成功接枝到PVC大分子链上,PVC-g-DAP聚合物只有1个Tg,且略高于PVC。PVC-g-DAP聚合物的流变性能较PVC有大幅度改善,同时力学性能、耐热性得到提升。     

电子束辐照对尼龙66纤维结构和力学性能的影响

研究了室温空气条件下电子束辐照剂量(范围0~1000 k Gy)对尼龙66纤维结构和力学性能的影响。利用广角X射线衍射仪、差示扫描量热仪、扫描电镜以及YG065型织物强力仪等测试方法研究了不同辐照剂量尼龙66的特性黏数、晶型结构、取向度、结晶和熔融行为,以及表面形貌和力学性能。研究结果表明,在设置的辐照剂量范围内,随着剂量的增加,纤维原有的晶型结构不变,但是,伴随辐照诱导非晶区分子链的重排,纤维的结晶度提高,取向有所改善,而结晶和熔融温度向低温偏移,熔融峰出现宽化。说明辐照主要导致尼龙66分子链氧化降解,降低其热稳定性,在电子束的撞击下,纤维表面产生了微裂纹,增加了应力集中,破坏了纤维的力学性能。     

面向80后的智能床设计策略

目的对25~35岁使用人群的智能床设计原则与设计策略进行研究,使产品顺应人的生活方式和行为习惯,为智能产品与传统家居产品的结合提供思路。方法通过用户旅程图、接触点分析以及问卷访谈等进行行为和需求分析,结合用户体验设计、交互设计理论与方法,形成以80后用户群体为目标的智能床设计原则和设计策略。结论通过深入的用户分析,得到智能床的设计原则和设计策略,能够为这种新兴的产品设计提供基本的参考,便于用户更快更好地接受和使用产品。     

低碳钢薄壁焊管液压胀形行为

为了研究焊管液压胀形过程的变形行为,在管材胀形性能测试系统上进行了不同长径比条件下低碳钢(STKM11A)薄壁焊管的胀形实验,获得了焊管的壁厚分布规律、胀形区轮廓形状、极限膨胀率和应变分布规律。结果表明:管材焊缝区的减薄率仅为2.4%~5.5%,等效应变仅为0.05~0.10,变形程度相对母材区较小,主要发生几何位置移动。环向壁厚的最薄点位于以焊缝为中心的对称两侧士30°位置处。随着胀形区长度增大,管材破裂压力、减薄量、极限膨胀率均发生减小,胀形区轮廓逐渐偏离椭圆形,当长径比达到2.0时,已不再适合用椭圆函数描述。此外,胀形区长度增大过程中,管材从双拉向平面应变状态发生转变,在此基础上建立了焊管的成形极限图。     

2D-C/SiC复合材料偏轴拉伸力学行为研究

通过对2D-C/SiC复合材料试件进行不同偏轴角度的拉伸实验,研究了偏轴角度对材料拉伸力学特性的影响。通过应变片分别测得了材料加载方向和纤维束方向上的应力-应变行为,对比分析了偏轴角度对上述应力-应变行为的影响;并结合试件断口扫描电镜照片,阐释了纤维束方向上拉伸和剪切损伤间的相互耦合效应。实验结果表明,材料的拉伸模量和强度随偏轴角度的增大出现明显下降;材料纤维束方向上的拉伸损伤和剪切损伤具有显著的相互促进作用。最后,以材料0°拉伸和45°拉伸实验数据为基础,建立了材料的偏轴拉伸应力-应变行为预测模型,模型预测结果与实验结果吻合较好。     

Effects of T5 heat treatment on extrusion welds in AZ80 hollow profile

AZ80 hollow profile was produced by porthole-die extrusion. The mechanical behavior and microstructure characteristic of extrusion welds in AZ80 hollow profile during different T5 heat treatments were investigated. Five kinds of morphologies of β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂ were observed in turn in weld regions under various temperatures. Extrusion weld is not weakest region in AZ80 hollow profile in terms of hardness, the peak hardness of weld regions is roughly equal to the weld-free regions at different aging temperatures, which is attributed to similar volume fraction, morphology, and size of β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂ precipitate in weld regions and weld-free regions. The precipitate-free zones (PFZs) usually form near the welds interface in aging process, and the hardness of PFZs is usually lower than those of weld regions and weld-free regions. Aging at 200°C for 24?h is suitable heat treatment system for AZ80 hollow profile, which can achieve excellent mechanical property and simultaneously reduce the width of PFZs.     

Mechanical behavior of C/SiC T-section under pulling load

For the C/SiC T-section structures, fabrication defects such as pores and local delaminations can be easily formed in the intersection zone which significantly affect the load bearing capacity. In this work, the mechanical behavior of C/SiC T-section under pulling load was investigated, and especially the delamination behavior was studied by introducing the cohesive zone model into the finite element modeling. It was found that for C/SiC T-section under pulling load, the maximum critical delamination load was about 1075 N in the present work, and the interface delamination was the main failure mode. It was verified that the effective interfacial strength influenced the critical delamination load, and the strain energy release affected the delamination behavior of the T-section specimen. The failure mechanisms of C/SiC T-section under pulling load depend on the interface bonding states. When the interface is well bonded, the failure mechanisms mainly include matrix stripping, matrix fracture and fiber breakage. Otherwise, only the matrix stripping can be found at the interface of the C/SiC T-section specimen.     

Physics-Informed Multistage Machine Learning Strategy for the Nanomachining-Induced Plastic Deformation Behavior

The evolution of the dislocation density induced by the nanomachining process dominates the plastic deformation behaviors of materials, thus affecting the mechanical properties significantly. However, a challenging topic related to how to establish an accurate model for predicting the dislocation density based on the limited simulations and experiments arises due to the complicated thermal–mechanical coupling mechanism during the machining process. Herein, a multistage method integrating machine learning, physics, and high-throughput atomic simulation is proposed to investigate the effect of cutting speed on the dislocation behavior in polycrystal copper. Compared with the traditional one-step machine learning method, the constraint of physical features effectively improves the accuracy and generalization ability of the model. The results indicate that the dislocation behaviors depend on the competition between the cutting force and temperature. In the low-cutting speed, the predominated role of the cutting temperature leads to a rapid decline of the dislocation density. In contrast, the dislocation density tends to be stable under a high-speed cutting process due to the dynamic balance between the effects of the cutting force and temperature. Notably, the proposed strategy provides a new and universal framework to design the machining parameters to obtain high-quality products.     

Monotone properties of certain classes of solutions of second-order difference equations

The authors consider the difference equations

δ(a_nδx_n)=q_nx_n+1

and

δ(a_nδx_n)=q_nf(x_n+1),

where a_n > 0, q_n > 0, and f: R å R is continuous with uf(u) > 0 for u ≠ 0. They obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for the asymptotic behavior of certain types of nonoscillatory solutions of (*) and sufficient conditions for the asymptotic behavior of certain types of nonoscillatory solutions of (**). Sufficient conditions for the existence of these types of nonoscillatory solutions are also presented. Some examples illustrating the results and suggestions for further research are included.