Preparation and characterization of chitosan-poly(acrylic acid) polymer magnetic microspheres

A modified method to prepare chitosan-poly(acrylic acid)(CS-PAA) polymer magnetic microspheres was reported in this paper. First, via self-assembly of positively charged CS and negatively charged Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, magnetic CS cores with a large amount of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles were successfully prepared. Subsequently, the AA monomers were polymerized on the magetic CS cores based on the reaction system of water-soluble polymer-monomer pairs. These polymer magnetic microspheres had a high Fe₃O₄ loading content, and showed unique pH-dependent behaviors on the size and zeta potential. From the magnetometer measurements data, the CS-PAA polymer magnetic microspheres also had superparamagnetic property as well as fast magnetic response. A continuous release of the entrapped ammonium glycyrrhizinate in such polymer magnetic microspheres occurred, which confirmed the potential applications of these microspheres for the targeted delivery of drugs.     

Complex patterns of phosphorus delivery in the Lake of the Woods watershed

Lake of the Woods (LoW) is a large, transboundary lake that continues to experience harmful algal blooms despite large declines in phosphorus (P) inputs from point sources. Tributary runoff is considered the largest source of P to the lake; however, there are few monitoring data within the Canadian portion of the basin (～60% of total area), to guide management. To address this gap, we monitored five rivers of contrasting land use within the lower Rainy River region, an acknowledged “hot spot” of P delivery in the basin. Total P (TP) concentrations were consistently high at all five rivers (volume-weighted range: 19–215 μg/l) despite differences in agriculture across sites (7–27%), suggesting ‘natural’ background P levels are high in this landscape. Furthermore, TP concentrations were strongly correlated with total suspended sediment and geogenic metals, iron (Fe) and aluminum, and TP was especially high during events (>400 μg/l) indicating erosion is an important source of P delivery. However, equally high TP and Fe during periods of slow, stagnant flow in the summer and under winter ice suggest erosion is not the only source of P. Instead, we suggest redox release of P from streambed sediment is also important. This observation is significant, because internal P release within the tributaries, especially during the summer could ‘seed’ downstream algal blooms. The strong sensitivity of TP to both high and low flow conditions indicates that frequent, all-season, multi-year measurements are needed to understand the mechanisms of P delivery in this basin.     

Humic fertilizers by oxiammoniation of hydrolyzed olive pits residues

Hydrolyzed olive pit residues from the production of furfural were ammoniated to obtain a nitrogenenriched humic fertilizer. Samples had been previously oxidized with nitric acid. The oxidized samples were further ammoniated in a batch reactor in the following range of experimental conditions: T = 80–210°C, , solid/liquid ratio, S/L = 0.5–2.8 w/w and reaction time, t = 1–4 h.Planning of experiments was made by statistical design and results were fitted by multiple non-lineal regression polynomials. The product consists of two fractions: a water soluble fraction which contains most of the nitrogen (10–13 wt%) and a solid fraction with a very low nitrogen content (<4.0 wt%), which is likely to be fixed during the oxidation step. The soluble fraction can be used as a humic fertilizer and the solid product as a soil conditioner.     

气象预警平台多手段发布的研究与应用

针对沈阳市气象局快速及时发布气象预警信息的需求,采用Java编程语言、Oracle数据库技术建立基于B/S(browser/server framework)架构的气象预警平台,研究了包括短信、传真、FTP、电子邮件、微信、QQ发布手段于一体的一键式发布功能。实现将制作完成的预警信息通过选取相应的发布手段存储于Oracle数据库,各个发布手段通过运行计划任务定时遍历数据库信息,将相应的预警信息及时发布。节省了预警发布人员逐个发布手段发送预警信息的繁琐环节。通过移动代理服务器MAS(mobile agent server)实现短信自动发布功能,建立虚拟机环境模拟控制键盘、鼠标和缓存等技术实现将气象预警信息自动发送到微信群和QQ群。该平台目前已经稳定运行,减轻了发布气象预警人员的负担,确保社会各界及广大公众能够客观、全面地了解预警信息,实现了对气象预警信息快速、准确、高效的发布。     

基于化学条件下静态释放模拟研究太行湖底泥TP分布特征

本文通过分析太行湖底泥中TP的时空分布特征,着重对底泥TP释放进行了室内静态模拟研究,并建立了TP释放速率数学模型,其研究结果可为湖区内源底泥TP污染控制提供参考依据。     

不同预氧化剂对铜绿微囊藻细胞的灭活

为比较不同预氧化剂对藻细胞的处理效果及其机理,在高锰酸钾灭活藻细胞研究的基础上,采用次氯酸钠与臭氧对铜绿微囊藻进行灭活实验.结果表明:次氯酸钠和臭氧对藻类的灭活反应均符合二级动力学模型;次氯酸钠较易引起铜绿微囊藻细胞萎缩破裂,从而导致细胞内代谢有机质的释放,对藻细胞的灭活动力学常数为(220±3)L·mol-1·s-1,不同初始次氯酸钠浓度对动力学常数无明显影响;臭氧对于铜绿微囊藻细胞有极强的氧化作用,细胞灭活速率常数达(2 655±15)L·mol-1·s-1,能迅速引起藻细胞破裂及胞内代谢有机质的释放,不同初始臭氧浓度对动力学常数无明显影响.3种氧化剂对铜绿微囊藻细胞的灭活速率由大到小依次为:臭氧次氯酸钠高锰酸钾.电镜扫描结果显示,臭氧与次氯酸钠在氧化过程中比高锰酸钾更易引起藻细胞破裂及IOM的释放.     

Fe3O4-10-HCPT及Fe3O4-HCPT@SiO2核壳纳米粒子的制备

为有效控制磁性四氧化三铁纳米粒子在水介质中的分散,防止其聚集.通过控制Na Cl溶液的物质的量浓度,对比研究磁性四氧化三铁纳米粒子在超声前和超声后在盐中的分散情况.实验结果表明,磁性四氧化三铁纳米粒子在0.4 mol/L的氯化钠中分散性最好,聚集度较小;进一步为了制备粒径均匀的复合磁性纳米载药粒子,通过调节10-羟基喜树碱溶液的p H,将10-羟基喜树碱和磁性纳米粒子制备成复合纳米粒子,并将其用二氧化硅包覆制备了复合载药纳米粒子,其复合纳米粒子的粒径大约为120 nm,结果显示通过该方法成功制备了理想的磁性纳米载药粒子.     

Optimal Release Control of Companion Satellite System Using Electromagnetic Forces

Electromagnetic forces generated by the inter-action of component satellites can be used to release companion satellites. Optimal release trajectories for companion satellite system using inter-electromagnetic forces were investigated. Firstly, nonlinear relative motion dynamic equations of a two-craft electromagnetic companion satellite system were derived in spatial polar coordinates. Then principles of electromagnetic satellite formation flying were introduced. Secondly, the characteristics of the electromagnetic companion satellites release were analyzed and optimal release trajectories of companion satellites using electromagnetic forces were obtained using Gauss pseudospectral method. Three performance criteria were chosen as minimum time, minimum acceleration of the separation distance and minimum control acceleration. Finally, three release examples including expansion along separation distance, rotation in orbital plane and stable formation reconfiguration were given to demonstrate the feasibility of this method. Results indicated that the release trajectories can converge to optimal solutions effectively and the concept of release companion satellites using electromagnetic forces is practicable.     

柿叶总黄酮缓释微丸累积释药率的测定

采用紫外-可见分光光度法测定了柿叶总黄酮缓释微丸在人工胃液和磷酸盐缓冲液(pH=6.8)中的累积释药率,并分别对其释药模型进行拟合.结果显示缓释微丸在磷酸盐缓冲液中12h的累积释药率为83.22%,释药模型符合Higuchi方程;在人工胃液中12h的累积释药率为55.42%,释药模型为Higuchi方程.相较于人工胃液,柿叶总黄酮缓释微丸在磷酸盐缓冲液中具有良好的释药性能.     

煤层厚度变化区域矿震活动规律研究

为更有效地预防采掘期间深部煤层分叉或厚度变化区域冲击矿压的发生,以某矿回采工作面为工程实践背景,基于矿震活动在能量释放与震动频次方面的变化特征及在空间上的分布规律,分析了煤层分叉及煤层厚度变化对冲击矿压的影响。结果表明:在大能量矿震发生前,日震动频次连续处于高位而日释放能量较长时间维持低水平;在煤层厚度变化区域,矿震活动活跃,容易发生大能量矿震。通过对矿震进行"时间-空间"分析,可以确定矿震集中区域和能量积聚时间段,从而可对煤层厚度变化影响区域进行有针对性的卸压防冲工作。