40 keV He离子注入单晶Si引起的损伤效应研究

室温下使用40 keV He离子注入单晶Si样品到剂量5×1016 cm-2,分别采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、热解吸谱仪(THDS)、光致发光谱仪(PL)详细地研究了随后热处理过程中He注入空腔的形成、He气体原子的热释放以及注入损伤引起的光致发光特性.结果表明,He离子注入及随后的高温热处理会在单晶Si中产生宽度约为220 nm的空腔带,同时伴随着He气体原子从注入产生的缺陷中释放出来.He气体原子的热释放可以明显地分为两个温度阶段,分别对应于He原子从小的空位型缺陷和大的空腔中的热释放.此外,He离子的注入还会在单晶Si中产生明显发光中心,导致了波长约为680 nm和930 nm的两个光致发光带.该光致发光带的出现可能跟He离子注入及退火过程中产生的纳米Si团簇有关.     

In vitro release of propranolol from oil/water microemuisions

Oil/water (o/w) microemulsions containing propranolol were studied. Isopropylmyristate was used as the oil, Tween 60 as a surfactant, butanol as a co-surfactant and a buffer of pH 6.5 for the continuous phase. The lipophilicity of propranolol was enhanced by formation of lipophilic ion-pairs to obtain a disperse phase that could act as a reservoir; octanoic acid was used as counter-ion. The diffusion rates of propranolol from microemulsions through a hydrophilic membrane decreased as the concentration of octanoic acid increased. The apparent permeability constant, determined at the beginning of the experiment, was 2.9 × 10⁻⁹ cm s⁻¹ for propranolol alone and diminished until 3.5 × 10⁻¹⁰ cm s⁻¹ in the presence of octanoic acid, at a concentration of 16.4 times that of propranolol.     

Enzyme-Responsive Hydrogels as Potential Drug Delivery Systems—State of Knowledge and Future Prospects

Fast advances in polymer science have provided new hydrogels for applications in drug delivery. Among modern drug formulations, polymeric type stimuli-responsive hydrogels (SRHs), also called smart hydrogels, deserve special attention as they revealed to be a promising tool useful for a variety of pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. In fact, the basic feature of these systems is the ability to change their mechanical properties, swelling ability, hydrophilicity, or bioactive molecules permeability, which are influenced by various stimuli, particularly enzymes. Indeed, among a great number of SHRs, enzyme-responsive hydrogels (ERHs) gain much interest as they possess several potential biomedical applications (e.g., in controlled release, drug delivery, etc.). Such a new type of SHRs directly respond to many different enzymes even under mild conditions. Therefore, they show either reversible or irreversible enzyme-induced changes both in chemical and physical properties. This article reviews the state-of-the art in ERHs designed for controlled drug delivery systems (DDSs). Principal enzymes used for biomedical hydrogel preparation were presented and different ERHs were further characterized focusing mainly on glucose oxidase-, β-galactosidase- and metalloproteinases-based catalyzed reactions. Additionally, strategies employed to produce ERHs were described. The current state of knowledge and the discussion were made on successful applications and prospects for further development of effective methods used to obtain ERH as DDSs.     

In对S-TiO_2纳米材料的吸附与缓释特性的调控

以固相反应法所合成的铟、硫掺杂二氧化钛纳米粉体为载体,研究了三磷酸腺苷(ATP)的吸附与缓释行为。结果表明,以TiO2为基体的纳米材料对ATP都有良好的吸附作用。40 min内,Inx-S-TiO2(x=0.01,0.02,0.03,0.04,0.05)、STiO2和TiO2纳米粉体对ATP的吸附率(%)依次为82.3、91.5、98.6、93.7、89.2、75.7和66.0。其中In0.03-S-TiO2纳米粉体的载药量比纯TiO2提高了32.6%。In的含量与其吸附ATP的量呈抛物线型。纯TiO2及In、S改性纳米材料对ATP的释放均有一定的调控作用。5.5 h内,其释药百分比分别为In0.01-S-TiO2(61.4%)In0.05-S-TiO2(59.23%)In0.02-S-TiO2(57.9%)In0.04-S-TiO2(55.30%)In0.03-S-TiO2(51.45%)TiO2(37.5%)S-TiO2(25.8%)。In的掺杂,对S-TiO2纳米材料缓释ATP的速率起到明显缓释控制作用。ATP的缓释过程符合骨架溶蚀扩散机理。In在ATP释放过程中的流失量很少,均不足2%。In含量的变化对微球的突释效应有一定的调控作用。     

Combustion of Ti+0.5C and Ti+C mixtures of bulk density in inert gas coflow

The combustion of Ti-C mixtures of bulk density under inert gas blowing conditions produced by evacuation of one end of the reaction cell was studied for the first time. The experiments showed that the tested mixtures in quartz cups were not ignited and did not burn without the inert gas (argon) flow. Increasing the rate of gas evacuation from the sample increased the rate of steady-state combustion of the mixture of titanium with carbon black, and for the mixture of titanium with graphite, stabilization of the flat combustion front was observed. It is shown that the presence of small pressure difference (up to 105 Pa) allows control of the combustion process and confirms the basic postulates of the convective-conductive theory of combustion for heterogeneous condensed systems. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 30–37, January–February, 2009.     

有机膨润土对印楝素的缓释和稳定作用

采用有机膨润土做载体以延缓印楝素的释放,提高其在水中和光照下的稳定性。印楝素A(Aza-A)的水解和光降解过程可以用一级反应动力学描述,其半衰期分别为67.5、5.35h。有机膨润土能够降低印楝素A在水中的释放速率,且膨润土改性时有机阳离子用量越多,印楝素A释放越慢。有机膨润土做载体可以提高印楝素A在水中的稳定性,并可将其光降解半衰期延长到6.94h。     

大峡水电站的控制爆破施工

大峡水电站工程施工中应用控制爆破技术，采取多钻孔，多分段，分散装药的措施，对处于环境条件复杂、干扰大的部位进行了拆除和爆破，有效地保护了附近建筑物及其它设施，使邻近工作面未受干扰，缩短了工期，为后续工序的提前进行创造了条件。     

A Study on the Effect of Butyl Methacrylate Content on Swelling and Controlled-Release Behavior of Poly (Acrylamide-co-Butyl-Methacrylate-co-Acrylic Acid) Environment-Responsive Hydrogels

Poly (acrylamide-co-butyl methacrylate-co-acrylic acid) [poly (AAm-co-BMA-co-AAc)]-based environment-sensitive hydrogels were prepared by varying the butyl methacrylate (BMA) content, in the range of 20 to 66% (wt. of the total monomer) in the hydrogel. The effect of BMA content on the swelling behavior of the hydrogels was studied by keeping the other two monomers' content constant at different pH and temperatures. The synthesized hydrogels were characterized by various techniques, and release kinetics was analyzed. The application and effect of the BMA content of these hydrogels in controlled drug release of acetaminophen and model drugs were investigated.     

平衡施肥理论与肥料高效利用

结合施肥实践阐述了平衡施肥原理中静态的横向平衡和动态的纵向平衡概念,并提出具有纵向平衡特点的速度复合型控释肥,其养分释放速度能与作物的养分需求基本一致,可显著提高肥料利用率和作物产量。     

HTR-PM中~(14)C产生与释放行为研究

~(14)C具有较长的半衰期,可与稳定同位素一起进入生物圈,从而在核电站的环境影响评价中受到关注.本文基于HTR-PM给出了产生~(14)C的各反应模型,并代以HTR-PM参数,对HTR-PM中~(14)C的年产生量和气态释放量作出估算.最后,将计算结果与CANDU堆型进行了比较.