Temperature Dependence of Cobalt Release Rate from Stainless Steel in Neutral Water

In order to evaluate the release source of Co from heated tubes of the feedwater line of BWR, Co release rate measurements were carried out by measuring ⁶⁰Co released from irradiated stainless steel in contact with neutral water at an oxygen concentration of 20 ppb. The temperature- and time-dependences on Co release rate were studied for 670 h release experiments; the rate was found to decrease in proportion to t ^?frac12 (t ^?frac12 (t: exposure time) and to have its maximum value around 240°C. An empirical equation was obtained for the Co release rates in the temperature range of 150~240°C.

R_Co = 1.9 × 10⁶ exp (-14,300/(RT)) t ^?frac12

where R _co Co release rate (mg/(dm²·month)), R: Gas constant (cal/(mol·deg.)), T: Exposure temperature (K) and t: Exposure time (h). Decrease in the Co release rate with temperatures over 250°C, seemed to be ascribed to the formation of a protective oxide layer on the surface of stainless steel.     

Coupled hygro-thermo-viscoelastic fracture theory

A coupled hygro-thermo-viscoelastic fracture theory is developed for quasi-static and dynamic crack propagation in viscoelastic materials subject to combined mechanical loading and hygrothermal environmental exposure based on fundamental principles of thermodynamics. The Helmholtz free energy is taken to be a functional of the histories of strain, temperature and fluid concentration with the crack parameter being introduced as an internal state variable. A thermodynamically consistent time-dependent fracture criterion for crack propagation in the presence of thermally and mechanically assisted fluid transport is obtained from the global energy balance equation and the requirement of non-negativity of the global energy dissipation rate, which is generally applicable to both quasi-static and dynamic loading and both isothermal/isohumidity and non-isothermal/non-isohumidity conditions with classic fracture criteria as special cases. On the basis of the developed theory, the generalized energy release rate method, the generalized contour integral method and the extended essential work of fracture method are proposed for fracture characterization of load-carrying viscoelastic materials in hygrothermal environments, and the interrelation of these methods and their correlation with conventional methods and existing models, simulations and experiments are discussed.     

介孔生物玻璃/磷酸钙骨水泥多级孔复合支架的制备及其载药特性研究

采用离心法将介孔生物活性玻璃(MBG)和磷酸钙骨水泥(CPC)高效复合制备出介孔/大孔多级孔复合支架材料, 评价了其对抗癌药物阿霉素的装载及释放性能。实验结果表明, 采用离心法能在大孔支架CPC内有效负载大量的介孔生物活性玻璃, 使其比表面积高达100.1 m²/g, 负载量达47.2%, 而采用传统浸渍法则不能将MBG粉体材料负载于CPC支架上。载药实验发现离心法制备的介孔/大孔复合支架对阿霉素的装载量达到了46 mg/g, 是普通大孔CPC支架的11.5倍, 且在体外具有药物缓释的特性。     

谟武水电站砼围堰控制爆破拆除

通常采用控制爆破拆除砼围堰。本文介绍了谟武水电站砼围堰控制爆破拆除的经验,施工中解决了钻孔、装药、网路联接时出现的问题,爆破获得圆满成功,拆除砼６７６５ｍ３。     

钢筋混凝土双曲拱桥墩上结构的控爆拆除

介绍桂林市解放桥墩上结构爆破拆除的设计与施工。该桥是一座长 180m、宽15m、4墩 5跨、7肋 6波的双曲拱桥。桥下水深 2～ 7m不等。根据其受力和结构特点 ,采用控爆与机械吊装相结合的方法 ,按照平衡对称、均衡卸载的原则 ,先拆除拱上结构预制件 ,然后对拱肋、拱顶平台等拱圈部分进行全面钻孔、一次爆破 ,使其向河面方向整体塌落。总计钻孔约 85 0 0个 ,装填乳化炸药 76 5kg ,使用导爆管 1 18万发 ,导爆索 10 0 0m。用挖泥船 ,配合其他船只 ,进行水中清碴 ,用 15天时间就把主航道疏通。     

考虑环境因素的分布式系统可靠性建模及其分析

为建立可变工作环境下分布式系统可靠性模型,提出受控混合随机Petri网,即用连续库所中的托肯控制离散变迁的变迁率．以此反映工作环境对部件可靠性的影响,从而推理出环境对系统可靠性的影响．在此模型的基础上,采用蒙特卡罗方法进行不同环境下系统可靠性仿真求解,解决了可变工作环境下分布式系统的可靠性建模及其分析问题．最后,以一个C^4ISR系统为例说明了该方法是一种考虑可变工作环境影响的分布式系统可靠性分析的可行方法．     

Eudragit Coating of Chitosan-Prednisolone Conjugate Microspheres and In Vitro Evaluation of Coated Microspheres

Chitosan-prednisolone conjugate microspheres (Ch-SP-MS) were prepared, and Eudragit coating was applied in order to efficiently deliver the microspheres and drug to the intestinal disease sites. The Eudragit L100-coated microspheres (Ch-SP-MS/EuL100) were examined for particle characteristics and the release of drug and Ch-SP-MS in different pH media at 37°C. Ch‐SP-MS were spherical, with a mean size of 4.5 μm and prednisolone content of 3.3% (w/w). Ch-SP-MS/EuL100 were fairly spherical, with a mean size of 22. 5 μm and drug content of 0.32% (w/w). At pH 1.2, the release extent was less than 5% even at 48 h, and Eudragit coating tended to suppress the release. In contrast, at pH 6.8 and 7.4, Ch-SP-MS/EuL100 tended to show somewhat faster drug release than Ch-SP-MS. Ch-SP-MS/EuL100 displayed a release extent of 23 and 27% at pH 6.8 and 7.4, respectively. Ch-SP-MS aggregated at pH 1.2, but almost kept their initial size and shape at pH 6.8 and 7.4. Ch-SP-MS/EuL100 almost maintained their original shape and size at pH 1.2, and gradually released Ch-SP-MS at pH 6.8 and 7.4 due to dissolution of the Eudragit layer. Eudragit coating is suggested to be useful to efficiently deliver Ch-SP-MS to the intestinal disease sites.     

复合金属离子抗菌沸石的制备及研究

以13X沸石为载体,用不同的方法制备了四类金属离子抗菌沸石.用WAXD、EDS、AAS、抑菌环法等表征了抗菌沸石的结构、抗菌金属离子相对含量和抗菌性能.结果表明,金属离子交换过程没有改变13X的基本结构,进入13X的抗菌金属离子具有缓释性. 采用复合离子交换法制备的多金属的含银抗菌沸石具有最佳抑菌性能,其相对抗菌强度优于阳性对照AGZ-330,且成本较低.复合金属离子抗菌沸石较高的多种抗菌离子含量及缓释能力具有协同抑菌作用和广谱抑菌性.     

pH-sensitive sodium alginate/calcined hydrotalcite hybrid beads for controlled release of diclofenac sodium

Objective: The aim of this study was to prepare pH-sensitive sodium alginate/calcined hydrotalcite (SA/CHT) hybrid bead with improved the burst release effect of the drug.

Materials and methods: A series of pH-sensitive SA/CHT hybrid beads were prepared by using Ca²⁺ cross-linking in the presence of diclofenac sodium (DS) and SA. The structure and drug loading of the beads were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The swelling and the drug release of the fabricated beads were investigated by the pH of test medium and CHT content.

Result: The formed positively charged hydrotalcite layers were adsorbed on the negatively charged SA polymer chains through electrostatic interaction and act as inorganic cross-linkers in the three-dimensional network. Compared to pure SA beads, the incorporation of CHT enhanced the drug encapsulation efficiency, improved the swelling behaviors and slowed the drug release from the hybrid beads.

Discussion and conclusions: The electrostatic interaction between hydrotalcite and SA has restricted the movability of the SA polymer chains, and then slowed down swelling and dissolution rates in aqueous solutions. The results provided a simple method to moderate drug release and matrix degradation of the SA beads.